Reflection paper Essay Example for Free

Reflection paper Essay â€Å"Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! †, after watching Jose Rizal the Movie, these are the words that wanted to find its way out into my mouth. Words that wanted to travel beyond distance and beyond boundaries that would defy ages to finally find a resonating voice that sent earthquake to the stoned floor of the holy temple of God that sheltered fiends who clothed themselves in white and who spoke His words with fluency but undoubtedly knew nothing of His language. I could not say it better, as a realization hit me, but I admire my Motherland. I could not help but think how did she, after everything that was done to her, have found it in her heart to forgive? The film did not only depict the life of Jose Rizal during the gripping of the Spaniards’ iron hands but also the Filipinos during those darkest times before the crack of dawn. The movie did not also just settled for only Rizal and the Filipino people during the Spanish colonization, but it made a sort of movie adaptation of the two notable masterpieces of Rizal; the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo. The movie itself was faithful to accuracy that you could see what it wants people to see and that is to see. The movie suggested us to see what had really happened to our motherland. It is to see what she had been through to keep her standing in her place in the map of the world. It is to see how many times our country had lost her identity, her dignity, her freedom, her voice, her rights, and her name. It is to see how many lives she had to remorsefully sacrifice just to keep standing. Watching the movie, I saw her. She took all pain and suffering and given up almost everything she has because she loves her children. She love the Filipinos that she kept standing and resisted the embrace of the god of the sea for us to have our feet on earth to land on. Realizing all she had borne made me proud to be molded from the earth of the Land of the Morning. Jose Rizal the Movie made it crystal cleared to everyone who would watch it how the Filipino people loved our country that they had given up their lives to free her from her iron cage. The movie showed that during the time of Rizal, Filipinos had started stirring from their seemed to be forever slumbering, although the Spaniards oppression continued to darken the skies. During those times, as portrayed, there was social unrest that resulted revolts. Most prominent movements were initiated by the Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio. A lot of native eyes had started to see the real faces inside the holy veil worn by the Spaniards that led them to the realization of their own scraped image. Spaniards had continued to use religion, specifically the teachings of the Catholic Church and the words of God to frightened majority of the Filipinos to conform and manipulate them. The film portrayed the Spaniards abuse of power and authority over the Filipinos. Friars shrouded their corruption in the cloak of church contributions and tributes. They collected high imposed taxes from the farmers who till their own soil. They acquired lands by authority and force. Worst of it, Spaniards did not content themselves in getting hold of our country but also our dignity. Filipinos had been treated unfairly. The Spaniards made sure that we had no equal human rights, no parity before the law, no seat for the government, no mercy from the church, and no place for morality. Filipinos became slaves. Our native women were victimized. There was racial discrimination. Only elites were granted to have a formal education and even in school, Filipinos were slandered, mocked and belittled. Even the justice system was in favor of the State. Filipinos who have committed crime in the eyes of their justice were subjected to persecution and death. Spaniards would then scheme any person who go against their regime; that would include the conspiracy they had done to Rizal as he was sentenced by prejudiced to death before his trial was even performed. They stripped our nation’s identity and clothed us in ballooned dresses to conform but even so denied our right-I believe-to baptize our country a name. Those lowest times, people who had finally perceived the truth tried to raise their voices but mostly failed to do so because there was no firmed foundation. Their flares were not enough. When Rizal gave light, flickers were rekindled to a raging fire. Jose Rizal became their source of strength though he did not purposely want to ignite insurgency. Though his writings were double edged sword, he wanted to address his appeal for freedom and equality in a diplomatic manner. Unfortunately, it did not go as planned because not only the Spaniards wanted to bind him for the trouble he had cause to the name of the Spanish government. I really liked the portrayal of those people close to Rizal after he was shot and had fallen on the ground; none of them even shed a tear. They held their ground, Rizal was not a traitor. They were the ones who held his pride when he was deprived to die with dignity. He doesn’t deserve a cry of sympathy because he had done nothing but to love and to be faithful to his country. Because he was not married to a woman; he was married to our country, faithfully. Watching that scene, I felt dignified. He was not a traitor and so were those lives that fought to free our country. They were Filipinos who desired to regain our freedom and identity from the Spaniards. As the movie concluded, I realized I have never been so proud of my country, and never did I really give proper acknowledgement to the many lives that, especially those nameless faces that did not have the chance to have a space in paper. â€Å"Give credit to who is due†, as the saying goes. All of us, we walk in different paths of life. We see strangers every day but I never really consider looking at their faces in a different way. After watching the film, I learned to see the faces of past through the faces of the present. We are all carrying fragments of souls of the people of the past. How we are giving shape to those fragments of souls is the real challenge in us. I have learned from watching the film how embarrassing we have become to cater these fragments in us because we failed and ignored to recognize them and the way we savor the liberty they struggled to regain but tragically did not had the chance to hold. These souls had once fought for freedom. We have to see them in us to fix how we abused our freedom. I still see our motherland in her situation back then because we failed to get the lessons from our past. How many more times does she have to be in same situation she thought she had been freed from? One lesson I clearly got from the movie, we have to carry the past in us like it is our own experience for us to never want to be in that situation again. We should never forget our own history and the importance of it, for the sake of those souls who only had the chance to experience true freedom in us.

Analysis of Major Characters :: English Literature

Analysis of Major Characters Although Lennie is among the principal characters in Of Mice and Men, he is perhaps the least dynamic. He undergoes no significant changes, development, or growth throughout the novel and remains exactly as the reader encounters him in the opening pages. Simply put, he loves to pet soft things, is blindly devoted to George and their vision of the farm, and possesses incredible physical strength. Nearly every scene in which Lennie appears confirms these and only these characteristics. Although Steinbeck’s insistent repetition of these characteristics makes Lennie a rather flat character, Lennie’s simplicity is central to Steinbeck’s conception of the novel. Of Mice and Men is a very short work that manages to build up an extremely powerful impact. Since the tragedy depends upon the outcome seeming to be inevitable, the reader must know from the start that Lennie is doomed, and must be sympathetic to him. Steinbeck achieves these two feats by creating a protagonist who earns the reader’s sympathy because of his utter helplessness in the face of the events that unfold. Lennie is totally defenseless. He cannot avoid the dangers presented by Curley, Curley’s wife, or the world at large. His innocence raises him to a standard of pure goodness that is more poetic and literary than realistic. His enthusiasm for the vision of their future farm proves contagious as he convinces George, Candy, Crooks, and the reader that such a paradise might be possible. But he is a character whom Steinbeck sets up for disaster, a character whose innocence only seems to ensure his inevitable destruction. George Like Lennie, George can be defined by a few distinct characteristics. He is short-tempered but a loving and devoted friend, whose frequent protests against life with Lennie never weaken his commitment to protecting his friend. George’s first words, a stern warning to Lennie not to drink so much lest he get sick, set the tone of their relationship. George may be terse and impatient at times, but he never strays from his primary purpose of protecting Lennie. Unlike Lennie, however, George does change as the story progresses. The reader learns that he is capable of change and growth during his conversation with Slim, during which he admits that he once abused Lennie for his own amusement. From this incident George learned the moral lesson that it is wrong to take advantage of the weak. Of Mice and Men follows him toward a difficult realization that the world is designed to prey on the weak. At the start of the novel, George is something of an idealist. Despite his hardened, sometimes gruff exterior, he believes in the story of their future farm that he tells

Impression Management as a Goal Directed Activity

Impression ManagementAssignment question: â€Å"Impression Management as a goal directed activity not only sets the boundaries of what is considered appropriate behaviour but also aids in defining what behaviour will be met with disapproval. †(Goffman 1989) Discuss this statement in the context of a practical professional setting. According to Andersen, M. L. , & Taylor, H. L. (2006)impression management is defined as â€Å"good oriented conscious or unconsciousprocess in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event, they do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. According to Sinha (2009), â€Å"Impression management is an active self-presentation of a person aiming to enhance his image in the eyes of others† (p. 104). A symbolic interaction noting that impression management is â€Å"the process of authentic self-presentation used when an individual wants to present himself to other peop le the same way he perceives himself†¦a tactical brand used by individuals. † A variation of this view by Brym and Lie, (2006, p. 44) depicts impression management as a situation whereby â€Å"people deliberately change or modify their behaviour to fit a given situation†¦the process whereby people seek to control the image that others have of them. † The above scholarly views seek to consolidate Goffman’s (1989) view that â€Å"Impression Management as a goal directed activity not only sets the boundaries of what is considered appropriate behaviour but also aids in defining what behaviour will be met with disapproval. † In assessing the concept of impression management it is pivotal to isolate the impetus behindthisconcept.All the above definitions provide a direct inference that this concept involves creating an impressionable illusion which is highly fragile and requires constant attention in order to ensure its sustainability. Keeping in mind that it is a goal oriented model, impression management is a fundamental and universal process that involves a number of influential factors. These factors are social, cultural and spiritual. Considering that this model is set in a professionalenvironment, it is essential to administer an appropriate outlook into impression management in professional localities.Newman, (2009, p. 173) states that â€Å"Impression management allows the production of manufactured personas, which aid in the socialization process. The use of impression management provides people with the necessary skills to create a custom and often falsified perception. †, this may be well suited to the professional environment and its various facets such as job interviews, officerelations between employees and management, firms and both clients and potential clients, firms and other firms as well with the ultimate goal being to create a virtuous professional atmosphere.It is paramount to note that the microcosm represents the macrocosm, in relation to impression management it is hence necessary to carry out a thorough analysis of individualistic measures of impression management before relating this to an entire professional setting. According to Andersen and Taylor (2006), â€Å"Impression management can be seen as a type of con game† (p. 04), relating to the basic scenario of a job interview when a person engages in impression management, they are attempting to manipulate the impression they project onto others, with the goal being to ultimately acquire a job and will do so through the following means of impression management: †¢Good eye contact in order to establish an aura of confidence and honesty critical to the business sector †¢An appropriate physical appearance, aclean, professional persona †¢Chronematic management, being prompt is tantamount to a gesture of a focused individual †¢Kinesis should be reflective of confidence and a potentially aggressive st ature appropriately suited to the aggressive nature of the business world In essence, the above seeks to highlight the paramount idea that the person being perceived manages the perception of the perceiver hoping to have a positive impact which in this case is delivering a sublime job interview with prospects of acquiring a particular job position. This approach helps a person carefully craft relationships and by extension they have the ability to alter their position in the socialization process through impression management, especially if now expanding the concept impression management into the actual working environment in an analysis of relationships between an individual whether as a subordinate or a manager.When in the position of relative power such as management, active impression management is supreme, an individual is under the constant debilitating gaze of oftentimes opportunistic employees or subordinates on the prowl for error. Hence individuals in management should lea ve no room for error in their impression management â€Å"A person’s relative position in society can also influence impression management† (Newman, 2009, p. 172). A person’s posit ion in society and the prestige of impression management are congruent. Managers should exercise extreme decorum, bepunctual, have astute command of a professional ethic of honesty and transparency and above all a professional outlook on their physical presentation. Illustration of how people attempt to control how others perceive them is portrayed through the clothing they wear.A person who is in a leadership position strives to be respected and in order to control and maintain the impression; the person wears a nice suit, carries a briefcase, and acts in a professional manner. The professional clothing and the dignified manner in which the person carries him or herself, plays a large role in the impression management process. The goal behind such a constrictive and extremely rule bo und outlook of impression management is so as to create an impression to the subordinates, however not one of fear but of a respectable individual employees are willing to be loyal and ultimately submissive to without any urge of dissent hence having a positive influence on a firm’s productivity and profits due to Herzberg’s motivational factors being fulfilled by management.Another relationship worth analysis is that of impression management between work colleagues, an individual should establish a solid impression amongst colleagues and management, Newman (2009) expands on this notion, â€Å"Impression management is a tool most of us use to present ourselves as likable people† (p. 183). with the impetus being that of creating a virtuous working environment free of tension which makes work more enjoyable for an individual. Ultimately the central lynchpin being that of managing an approachable, responsible, amicable, ‘gossip- free’ impression of one self. This is advantageous in climbing the corporate ladder for situations whereby an individual is considered for a job promotion from being a lower grade employee to a higher grade, on basis of a character evaluation and impressions regarding that particular individual.If a general view is that of a rude, irresponsible, tension enabling individual, then this view would be to the detriment of an individual as such a negative inclination is almost impossible to remove. Most vital towards maintaining the survival of a business is a solid relationship established between the client and the business through its management and entire workforce, this also affects the resultant impression cast upon potential clients who may be considering working with a particular business, Ferrante (2008) expands on this concept in her book, Sociology: a Global Perspective, â€Å"Even if people are aware that they are manipulating reality, impression management can be a constructive feature of social in teraction† (p. 131). People across the globe implement this concept in order to obtain a favourable social outcome.Standardising this opinion in relation to a professional setting, a business needs to portray an impression heavy consolidated with a strong sense of reliability, transparency and good customer relations. A prime example would be that of Econet Wireless Company, already with a well-established impression as the leading, most reliable telecommunications service provider, it is vital to be consistent with such an impression. This is most evident in their customer relations which are friendly and extremely efficient; a dedication to fulfilling a corporate social responsibility through their Econet Scholarship Programme is reflective of an approachable and selfless impression which they constantly subscribe to.Hence an analysis of Econet’s impression management leaves us to conclude that although not completely a perfect impression due to unavoidable disruption s in network, Econet has a dominantly impeccable impression which invokes consumer loyalty and an exponential growth in terms on both customers and sales revenue and hence makes it easier to compare against other firms regarded as having a somewhat weaker, deficient impression such as Net One. There are a variety of social implications within impression management, but not all of the social implications are positive. Some of the repercussions are negative and can even be damaging to the person responsible for the implementation of impression management tactics. According to Newman (2009), â€Å"Impression management can lead to the creation of damaged identities, which must be repaired in order to sustain social interactions† (p. 183). Damaged identities and suffering social interactions can take a toll on a person, which enviably forces that person to retreat to impression management once again.Forexample, if a Muslim woman, who is dictated by religion to wear the traditiona l full body gear exposing only the eyes(termed the ‘Burka’) is placed in a banking professional environment such as that of Standard Chartered Bank,due to severe stereotyping it would serve uncomfortable for not only the individual, but the colleagues as well the customers and potential customers to conduct banking or business related transactions without invoking a degree of suspicion towards such a woman or a feeling of pity towards an inferred and assumed segregation of Muslim women. It may seem increasingly ironic that the tactic that aided in the damaging and exiling of a person can be the very approach that puts that person back in the social standings. Impression management is a concept to be taken very seriously. It has the power and influence to create a favourable public opinion of a particular person, it can break a person in regards to social standings, and it can repair a damaged persona.Additionally, impression management has the ability to dictate a perso n’s position in society, as commonly prescribed that a good impression management becomes tantamount to solid business relationships which serve to the advantage of an individual or a firm alike. Conclusion Impression management is a self-presentation technique that focuses on improving a person’s image in the eyes of others. Ever since Erving Goffman implemented the term impression management in 1959, sociologists and theorists have been studying additional aspects of the concept. Impression management presents constructive and favourable images to the public, encouraging a positive outcome. Impression management is a common underlying process that involves social and cultural implications.In regard to the social implications, impression management allows people to carefully craft and construct their public perception. In some cases, in order to obtain a favourable public or social appearance, a person must alter and falsify their persona. The social implications of i mpression management are not always negative, but there is a fine line between the positive and negative aspects. Impression management in relation to culture has a far more positive outcome. The cultural implications of impression management define the significance of cultural traditions, norms, and ways of life. The clothing people choose to wear, the words they choose to utilise are all apart of the impression management process.It would be highly advantageous to implement means by which to improve on or further establish impression management through following the appropriate rules of etiquette in relation to the professional environment such as desisting from the use of cell phones during board meetings as it is disrespectful and conceited and above all a consistentupgrade and maintenance of one’s impression or otherwise social facade. References Andersen, M. L. , & Taylor, H. L. (2006). Sociology: The essentials. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Brym, R. S. , & Lie, J. (2006). Sociology: Your compass for a new world. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. Ferrante, J. (2008). Sociology: A global perspective. Belmont, CA: Thomas Higher Education. Giddens, A. (2005). Sociology. Cambridge, UR, UK: Polity Press. Newman, D. M. (2009). Sociology: Exploring the architecture of everyday life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. Sinha, J. B. (2009). Culture and organization national behaviour. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

A Beautiful Mind Psychological Disorders Essay - 1061 Words

A Beautiful Mind illustrates many of the topics relating to psychological disorders. The main character of the film, John Nash, is a brilliant mathematician who suffers from symptoms of Schizophrenia. His symptoms include paranoid delusions, grandiosity, and disturbed perceptions. The disease disrupts his social relationships, his studies, and his work. The more stressful his life becomes the more his mind is not able to distinguish between reality and fantasy. Nashs first hallucination is in his college dorm room when his drunken roommate Charles appears. Charles acts as a mentor to Nash by making him realize that work and studies are not the only things life has to offer. Throughout his life, Nash has been a lone wolf, and Charles†¦show more content†¦Nash goes as far as to drop off packages to a fake government mailbox. He starts to feel like he is being followed everywhere he goes. His old friend Charles, as well as his niece Marcy come back into the picture to help him deal with the stress. Nashs new wife Alicia realizes her husbands condition one night when he comes home a mess and completely loses it when she turns on the lights in their apartment, screaming that the Russians will find them! Nash loses it on stage in the middle of a presentation at a math convention, and a psychiatrist sedates him and brings him to a mental institution. There he is diagnosed as schizophrenic and undergoes extensive shock therapy five times a week for ten weeks and is prescribed medication that helped rid him of his hallucinations. Unfortunately his medication disrupts his relationship with his wife almost as much as his delusions did in the first place. For example, he couldnt respond to his wife in bed, he couldnt show affection to their child, and he couldnt do simple tasks around the house. He stops taking his medication and falls back into his paranoid delusions. Nash has a breakthrough and realizes that the people he is seeing are hallucinations when he realizes that none of them age. Alicia and the psychiatrist insist that he go back on his medication to keep him healthy, but Nash refuses, saying that he will ignore the hallucinations because the affects of the medicine are notShow MoreRelatedPsychological Disorders And The Movie A Beautiful Mind Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie A Beautiful Mind is one that offers psychologists with a lot of fodder to think about and its storyline brings out various aspects of psychology that can be analyzed to bring a more conclusive close to this debate. The thesis statement of this essay is that psychological disorders need to be understood independently of various factors such as biological and environmental factors. 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The film was directed by Ron Howard and provided people a whole new perspective on psychological disorders. When people generally hear the words â€Å"mental illness,† the thoughts of crazy, insane, different, abnormal and weird come into place. â€Å"A Beautiful Mind,† based on a true story and a novel by Sylvia Nasar, has proven the standard thoughts to be inaccurate

Stephen Hawking An Enigma Himself - 1848 Words

Stephen Hawking: An Enigma Himself Explains the Enigmatic Universe. Today as Stephen Hawking is 72 years young, â€Å"Hawking s work on black holes and the origins of the universe guarantees him a place in the scientific pantheon, but his ability to pursue scientific work despite the ravages of ALS (Lou Gehrig s disease) have earned him superstar status.†(Kirkus,1) This gives us an insight into Hawking s identity as of the very motivated nature of Hawking and how he never quits at the sight of adversity. Weather in the face of a dangerous disease or difficult deduction. Hawking always finds the drive to keep going, which seldom other people possess. Hawking’s dilemma to start working on a 5 year Doctorate degree when he was diagnosed with only have 2 years to live is a mark of his true dedication to his first love science. However like all individuals, Hawking’s identity was not just a result of a single moment it was created for a life time of experiences and challenges. Frank and Isobel Hawking were blessed with their first bor n Hawking on 8th January 1942. As if destiny had a magical hand in shaping events, this coincided with the 300th death anniversary of Galileo Galilei. Galilei an Italian mathematician, physicist, astronomer has been called the father of modern ‘observational astronomy’ the father of modern physics and the father of modern science.(Weidhorn 155) Hawking has always been very proud of his birth date. Even as a young boy Hawking saw himself as anShow MoreRelated Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of Creation7359 Words   |  30 PagesAre we to agree with Robert Jastrow when he says, â€Å"For the scientist who has lived by his faith in the power of reason, the story ends like a bad dream. He has scaled the mountains of ignorance, he is about to conquer the highest peak: as he pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians who have been sitting there for centuries.†[v] Though Jastrow treats the issue as settled and declares that scientists have finally been â€Å"defeated,† it is too early to reach any judgementsRead MoreEssay on A Century of Physics3573 Words   |  15 Pagescolleagues ignored these wild and unsupported claims, but Einstein, who had a reliable intuition about physics, wrote I believe it is the first feeble ray of light on this worst of our physics enigmas. Einstein turned out to be right de Brogile had discovered the secret of matter. But as de Brogile himself admitted in his thesis, unless experimental proof could be found, his theory would remain useless speculation. The roaring twenties were a boisterous era of prosperity, fast cars, jazz,

Personal Statement Travel And Leisure Essay - 1247 Words

Magazines and websites only have one intention in mind: They want to be sold. One website, in particular, accomplishes this quite easily with some well managed verbal and visual organization. Travel and Leisure is a beautifully constructed, aesthetically pleasing online magazine. It offers articles, images, news, and services to those interested in more than simply their own backyard. In addition, the website gives the viewers a taste of the brand through alluring images as soon as you arrive at the homepage. The online magazine specifically caters to adventurous, frugal individuals with a hunger to explore the globe in all types of ways and manners. The online magazine, Travel and Leisure, has a simple visual design that spikes the viewers’ interests and allows them to explore with freedom. The background is nothing but a blank white face, allowing other things such as bold images and their titles to emerge out of the screen before your very eyes. 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In addition, the dictionary defines leisure as â€Å"freedom from time consuming duties, responsibilities, or activities.† It is not surprising that people have more leisure time once they retire. On an average day, for example, adults age 75 and over spent 7.8 hours on leisure and sports activities more than any other age group. This came to almost double the leisure time spent by 35 to 44 years olds (4.3 hours) less than other age groups (American TimeRead MoreVirgin Australia Case Study1799 Words   |  8 Pagesthat has resulted in Virgin Australia’s introduction of different classes of travel? Originally a one-class service, with the introduction of Jetstar in 2004 and Tiger Airways Australia in 2007, Virgin Blue was forced to re-think its original market offering of cheap, no-frills air travel, aimed predominantly at the leisure market. Tiger and Jetstar were undercutting their prices and making a large dent in the leisure market,. 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Oceania Cruises: Adventure Oceania has a Fleet of 7 ships Oceania Cruises Passenger Profile: The demographic is one that is appealing to a more sophisticated traveler in search of world-class cuisines. With personal service to go along with the luxurious onboard ambiance and enriching destination experiences. Oceania Cruises Onboard Activities and Entertainment: Hands-on cooking school at sea, chefs from around the world lead class to fine tune skill with dishRead MoreExecutive Summary : American Airlines2018 Words   |  9 Pagesfrequent flyers to encourage them to travel more with American than their current choose airline. Airlines represents a $783 billion a year industry (Fact Sheet: Industry Statistics, 2014). Being able to expand the market to the high-end segment would create an attraction to a unique service not offered by other major US airlines. Break even cost would be the first year goal while there would be an increase in cost to retrofit aircraft. 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Macro Economics Aggregate Demand and Supply

Question: Discuss about the Macro Economics for Aggregate Demand and Supply. Answer: 1. Effects of aggregate demand and supply on Imposition of carbon taxes on big companies will reduce both the aggregate demand and the aggregate supply. It will shift the market equilibrium due to higher prices due to increase in taxes and lower quantity due to the same. Incidence of tax which means shared tax burden will be more on the producers than the consumers(Farmer, 2007). This is because the producers have a more inelastic curve as they are the producers. The demand curve of the consumers is elastic and he bears less cost if tax is imposed. Tax increase (t) After increase in taxes the supply shifts its position to the left. The tax burden is shifted to the consumer who has to pay more due to price increase. The Australian dollar may appreciate due to the following reasons; a) when the exports are more expensive than imports hence higher prices, when the reverse is true and imports are cheaper and Australia imports more quantity, lower (X-M) causing a slow economic growth and lastly low inflationary rates(Michaillat Saez, 2013). Currency appreciation leads to improved living standards, low inflation rates and competitive prices of goods in the economy. The Chinese economy falls into recession When economic growth falls for consecutive economic quarters recession occurs. Recession causes increase in unemployment due to sparing economic growth. A fall in demand aggregate causes a corresponding fall in real GDP according to Keynesian theory(Farmer, 2007). Effect of GDP is affected by the slope of supply curve when the economy is acting in full capacity. A lower demand will lead to a corresponding lower real GDP. Causes in recession are, cost push inflation resulting in disposable income reduction, falling prices and lack of confidence in the economy. Source; https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/ C+I+G+X-M could lead to recession. This is demand aggregated. The multiplier effect in the fall of aggregate demand is due to fiscal policy deflationary. The aggregate demand is the total spending of services and goods by consumers, the government and the general population and overseas firms. Aggregate demand= consumption + capital investment+ government spending+( exports imports) The measure of net exports is done by calculating the total value of exports less the total value of imports. A change in prices affecting both exports and imports causes a corresponding shift in aggregate demand curve. Shift in aggregate demand The will be a deficit in net import will cause a shift in aggregate demand as the prices of exports will be lower than the prices of imports. 2. When the businesses are not expanding , it means that there is no economic growth. Assuming that the economy is at a natural level of real GDP, hence aggregate demand will increase because there is no full employment of the input resources. Thus, demand aggregate shifts rightwards from D1 to D2. Corresponding increase in the equilibrium prices of goods from P1 right to P2 and a corresponding increase in real gdp from Y1 right to Y2(Heinrichs, 2007). When the value of supper annotation nest egg decreases due to stock fluctuation, the consumer will have some money left to spend. The increase in disposable income will lead to increase in demand for goods which will further push AD curve to the right. This further pushes the equilibrium price upwards and also shifting the real GDP to the right. 3. Australia economic indicators in 2015 Inflation rate 7% Unemployment rate 6.1% Current account deficit/GDP (%)= -4.7% Australian dollar /US dollar 0.75 Budget deficit/ GDP %= -2.3% Total debt/GDP%= 36.8% 4. The public budget balance of a country is equal to the difference between income and expenditure of public administrations. When expenses exceed income it is said that no public deficit, which is usually expressed as a percentage of GDP to facilitate international comparisons and over time. Australia structural deficit problem started when it started borrowing heavily to finance its public expenditure. The heavy borrowing was to be used as an instrument of economic policy especially after adverse business cycles in the country. However, it is also necessary to note that when the government of a country in deficit, should issue public debt to finance it. Therefore, maintaining a permanent form of a high public deficit could itself lead to an unsustainable situation of public finances (explosive growth of debt / GDP ratio) would require a correction of fiscal policy(Hunnicutt, 2010). Another problem often mentioned when considering the existence of public deficit in a country is the possibility that an effect occurs expulsion from the private sector: the expansion of the public sector could be at the expense of a lower weight of the private sector, but would increase GDP actually(Macro Economics, 2006). But this effect will be really significant the closer the economy of their level of potential output are and, therefore, is greater the degree of utilization of productive factors.the Government should continue working to reduce the structural deficit and keep public debt in check. External debt frequently occurs through organizations like the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank. If the debtor has trouble paying it, it can pose a serious problem for the economic development of a country, and even for its autonomy. Principally, indebtedness is somehow good, it preserves resources while receiving resources externally for exploits of the process. However it becomes problematic when debt is not really used to what was intended for or refund conditions harden. There are detrimental factors to countries that have borrowed heavily such as Australia. First, interest rates rise which precipitated the debt crisis in past years, became popular (by inevitable) the requisition of new loans to cope the pay of unplayable debts, the result from the catastrophe economic of the last 10 years and the debt multiplication. Secondly The U.S dollar was strongly valued. Structural adjustment plans were also initiated, Consequences of huge government deficits Some repercussions of the great indebts of a single country can be:lack of ability to obtain new loans when necessary. harsh conditions imposition by creditors, rising inflation growth, making it very difficult to repay the loan. Also, the development in economic measures of the country will be prohibited by debt, entering a spiral of endless impoverishment. A country's Mismanagement in internal fiscal policies leading to economic crisis. 5. I dont foresee any economic threat for Australia this is because Australia is the only country OECD that wasnt affected by recession during the financial crisis. The Australian economy experienced 25 years of consecutive growth. The growth was 2.4% in 2015, falling slightly compared to 2014. The Australian dollar fell in 2015, and the falling prices of coal and iron ore weighed heavily on exports. This trend should be similar in 2016. The slowdown is further explained by lower Chinese demand for exports(Prasch, 2008). The mining industry accounts for 20% of GDP, but faces decline in investments. Advantages of Australia is that it has: a massive export given by agricultural produce, strong internal domestic demands and a strong financial industry. In September 2015, Malcolm Turnbull took over as prime minister. His predecessor, Tony Abbott, suffered more than the economic slowdown, and the public deficit increased during his tenure. Malcolm Turnbull wants to implement a policy of economic recovery, investing in training and infrastructure.. To revive the economy, the Central Bank lowered its key rate to 2% in May 2015, It is corresponding to a historically low level. This initiative supported the expense of Australian households, which are nevertheless particularly indebted. Australian economic situation remains enviable: the country's publicfinancial debt contribute to amongthe lowest in OECD . Thegovtaimstoincreasethe competitiveness of the country ,particularlywhen compared withtherivalryfrom countries from the asian blockwith regards toexports , and totacklethe challenges of an elderly citizenryand alsoissues of climate( droughts , floods ) . To stimulate theoverall economic growth, Australia shouldimproveits integration i n trade withAsian countries. In 2014 november , a free trade agreement was signed with China , itsmost significanttrading partner was signed(Scheer Vogelbusch, n.d.) . This approachdemandsAustralia tocautiouslymanage its relations with itstraditionalpartners : Japanalong with theUnited States . Since 2014 , Australia entered the fight against terrorism in the Middle East , and the country has deployed attacks in Syria in 2015.Finally, the severity of Australian immigration policy is criticized because the country is accused of systematically rejecting the ships with illegal immigrants. Australia prides itself with it economic prosperity: its has among the highest per capita in terms of GDP and is among the highest in the world. The unemployment rate was 6.2% in 2015, slightly higher that is due to the cooling of the inversions in the mining sector. Moreover, the government approved a carbon tax in 2014, considering that Australia is one of the most polluting countries. Faced with international pressure, then Australia is committed to developing the nuclear sector to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases. However, the first statements of the new prime minister did not indicate that ecology becomes part of its policy priorities. However, it seems like the country has put its house in order and will not be expecting a recession any time soon. References Beetsma, R. (2004).Monetary policy, fiscal policies, and labour markets. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Dufty-Jones, R., Connell, J., Argent, N.Rural change in Australia. Farmer, R. (2007).Aggregate demand and supply. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Heinrichs, A. (2007).Australia. New York: Children's Press. Hunnicutt, S. (2010).The federal budget deficit. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. King, J. (2003).The Elgar companion to post Keynesian economics. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar Pub. Macro Economics. (2006). Michaillat, P. Saez, E. (2013).A theory of aggregate supply and aggregate demand as functions of market tightness with prices as parameters. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Monetary, credit, and fiscal policies. (1950). Washington. Patel, K. Schweitzer, H.The historical foundations of EU competition law. Prasch, R. (2008).How markets work. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Scheer, C. Vogelbusch, F.Fiscal policies. [S.l.]: [s.n.].