Has the emergence of social enterprise provided an alternative to Literature review

Has the emergence of social enterprise provided an alternative to local governments role of providing social well-being - Literature review Example dings of private conversations within the community of social enterprises and discussion of their role within the society, which might undermine the role and need for a local government enterprise in some areas as well. The literature is organised in a manner to facilitate a step-wise understanding of the role of social enterprise in relation to that of the government in provision of social well-being. The paper begins with exploration of the origin of a social enterprise and then putting forth an argument that states that social enterprises can work without much intervention from the government. The review then organises itself for identifying the role of social enterprises and local government in these societal existence and explores various categories that gather instances to depict how social enterprises and the local government act as complements and supplements. It then goes on to discuss why social enterprises can replace local government’s role and concludes in highlighting the similar view. The resource dependency theory states that there exist exchange relationships between firms and their external environment. To make sure that such firms survive long, social enterprises source resources that are the key to attain objectives. The resource dependency theory is relevant in the context of a social enterprise because the board member want to sources resources from all possible places beyond the social economy. Companies tend to rely on scare financial resources and therefore devise strategies to recruit directors who have the ability to influence the world with a view to get the desired resources. The stewardship theory states that corporate governance and the board can influence the behaviour of other people within the organization by performing the role of an advisor and strategy maker. The manager here plays the role of a steward rather than a profit seeker. In case of social enterprises, the stewardship theory is being extensively used because of

Dehydration of Alcohols Essay Example for Free

Dehydration of Alcohols Essay Abstract The dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene can be done through fractional distillation. Once the fraction has been collected it must then be dried. The dried distillate is finally tested to determine whether or not it has been dehydrated. The three tests used were infrared spectroscopy, Bromine chemical test and Bayer’s chemical test. The infrared spectroscopy showed a large narrow peak at 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1) which indicates that there is a double bond present. To assure the results were correct the chemical tests were done. The Bromine test was found to be positive for cyclohexene. The OH group was removed from the cyclohexanol and replaced with a double bond found around 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1) and the dehydration was successful. Introduction Fractional distillation can be used when trying to dehydrate alcohols. Dehydrating an alcohol consists of taking away an OH group. Fractional distillation separates the initial compound into separate compounds; depending on what their boiling point is. Cyclohexanol can be dehydrated to form cyclohexene. Infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze a compound and can give a breakdown of what chemicals the original mixture is composed of. An example of this is the long broad peak around 3200 (cm-1) which signifies an OH group in the compound. This technique is very useful to help determine what a compound is made of and it can also be used with NMR to give a chemical structure. Since infrared spectroscopy can be used to analyze a compound it can also be used to verify that you have the correct compound. Another way to do this is to use a chemical test. There are multiple chemical tests that can be used, one of them being the bromine test. A bromine test is used to verify whether an OH group is present or not. Another test is used with KMNO4 to test whether and alkene is present or not. Using both chemical tests and infrared spectroscopy to analyze the substance it will be clear if fractional distillation and the drying agent were able to work together in the process of dehydrating the alcohol. Materials and Methods For this experiment, 5. 0-mL of cyclohexanol were weighed and placed in a 25-mL recovery flask. A magnetic stir bar was added to the flask. 2. 5-mL of 9 M sulfuric acid was added to the same flask and mixture was swirled. The fractional distillation apparatus was set up with steel wool in the column. A 10-mL receiving flask was placed in an ice-water bath. Fractional distillation was started making sure to maintain the head temperature between 80 and 85Â °C, making sure it did not go over 90Â °C. Heating was stopped once the mixture turned dark brown and a deep green condensate formed. Distillate was then collected and transferred to a 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Anhydrous potassium carbonate was added with a spatula to the 25-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Flask was swirled occasionally for about 15 min while adding more anhydrous potassium carbonate until liquid no longer looked cloudy. The mixture left that was not distilled was neutralized by adding bicarbonate to the solution, slowly, until foam stops forming. Dried liquid was then transferred with a Pasteur pipet into a 10-mL recovery flask containing a stir bar for simple distillation. Another 10-mL recovery flask was used as the receiver and a calcium chloride drying tube was connected with a vacuum adaptor. The more pure compound was collected by maintaining heat from 80 to 85Â °C, making sure it did not go over 90Â °C. Distillate was weighed and percent yield of cyclohexene was determined. An infrared spectroscopy was run on the distillate by taking a drop of distillate and putting it in between two salt plates. Closed the salt plates with metal holders and then put it into the infrared spectroscopy machine. First an infrared spectroscopy was run on the cyclohexanol. Then an infrared spectroscopy was run on the cyclohexene. The Bromine chemical test was run by adding 2 drops of distillate to a test tube. 0. 1 M of bromine in dichloromethane was added to the same test tube. Then added drops of dichloromethane until color appeared if color disappeared the test would have been positive. If the color did not go away the test would have been negative. Finally a Bayer test was run by adding 2-mL of 95% ethanol to a test tube. Two drops of distillate were added to the test tube. Then KMnO4 was added drop wise until color persisted. Results Table 1. Mass of starting solution, sulfuric acid, and ending product formed. Solution| Mass (g)| Cyclohexanol| 4. 512| Sulfuric Acid| 3. 384| Cyclohexene| 1. 217| Table 2. Chemical tests done to determine whether or not the product was cyclohexene. Result seen by changes in color. Type of Test| Color of Starting Reactant| Color of Reactant plus Product| Bromine| Bromine was red| Mixture went from red to clear | Baeyer| KMnO4 was purple| Mixture went from purple to dark brown | Table 3. Infrared spectroscopy peak values representing different structures found for cyclohexanol and cyclohexene. Solution| Alcohol| Single Bonds (sp3 C-H)| Double Bonds(sp2 C=C)| Ring Structure| Cyclohexanol| Peak 13339. 25 cm-1| Peak 2-32930. 94cm-1, 2854. 63cm-1| N/A| Peak 51450. 92cm-1| Cyclohexene| N/A| Peak 8 and 112923. 83cm-1, 2658. 55cm-1| Peak 6-73062. 12cm-1, 3020. 71cm-1| Peak 281438. 15cm-1| The original weight of the cyclohexanol added was 4. 512 g. The original weight of cyclohexanol with sulfuric acid was 7. 896 g. The original weight of the sulfuric acid alone was 3. 384 g. The weight for the product, assumed to be cyclohexene, was 1. 217 g. The percent yield for cyclohexene was calculated to be 26. 97%. Cyclohexanol was distilled fractionally to produce 4-mL of cyclohexene at 88? C. The original cyclohexanol was put through infrared spectroscopy and was found to have a large broad band at 3339. 25(cm-1) indicating the presence of an OH group, large narrow bands at 2930. 94(cm-1) and 2854. 63(cm-1) indicating single bonds between carbon and hydrogen, and a large narrow band at 1450. 92(cm-1) indicating a ring. The cyclohexene was put through infrared spectroscopy which showed that there was no OH group now. This time there was a double bond between carbons at 3062. 12(cm-1) and 3020. 71(cm-1), single bonds between hydrogen and carbon at 2923. 83(cm-1) and at 2658. 55(cm-1), and a ring at 1438. 15(cm-1). The bromine chemical test gave a positive result for cyclohexene after one drop of dichloromethane was added, which changed the liquid from a red color to a clear color. The Bayer test made the substance stay purple after 1 drop showing it was negative for an alkene. Doing the bromine chemical test and the Bayer test on cyclohexanol gave negative results for both. Discussion The fractional distillation was used to dehydrate cyclohexanol collected fraction allowed it to be separated and then was dried. Only 4-mL of cyclohexene was collected from the distillation. Infrared spectroscopy was then used to determine whether the substance retrieved from the distillation was dehydrated and had turned to cyclohexene. Looking at the infrared spectroscopy of the distilled substance there was no broad peak which signifies that there is not an OH in the substance anymore and the substance is not cyclohexanol anymore. To make sure the substance was cyclohexene two different chemical tests were given. The bromine test had a positive result after 1 drop. The Bayer test had a negative result after one drop was added. There was a discrepancy between the two tests but by viewing the IR we can conclude that the substance was no longer cyclohexanol. This could be attributed to error such as the cyclohexanol not being distilled correctly, leaving impurities. The fractions may have been heated too quickly and the fractions may have mixed. There may not have been enough drying agent added to the mixture. Some future possible changes to the experiment would be to have more time to not feel rushed. This way it would be easier to heat more slowly and make sure that everything is clean leaving little to no impurities.

Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - A Controversial Novel :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Controversial Novel A well-studied piece of American literature was written by Mark Twain and is known as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It is an adventure story, as the title suggests, about a boy who escapes his abusive father and finds himself in the company of a runaway slave as they head down the Mississippi together to find freedom. Along the way, they become equals in their venture and Huck's belief system that was formed by the society he lives in is shattered. Not only is this book, one of the most controversial novels of all time, but it is true American ideals and flaws. The fact that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most widely taught books in American literature classrooms across the country speak of its greatness. But what exactly is it about the book that makes it so great? First, the use of satire throughout the book gives different parts of action irony. Satire is a literary work in which vices, follies, stupidities, abuses, etc. are held up to ridicule and contempt. Twain uses satire through the story to poke fun at the society in which he grew up. Satire is useful because it makes the readers truly think about what Twain has said, and at the same time, the irony of it is based on truth and can be used to force the readers to think about society today. By stepping back, they realize the modern irony that they live by. The examples that Twain used in Huck Finn range from Jim, the runaway slave calling Huck white trash, to the people on the river abandoning Huck when they think "his father" is ill with small pox. But the best use of satire in the book is when the Grangerfords and the Shepardsons go to church: Next Sunday we all went to church, about three mile, everybody a-horseback. The men took their guns along, so did Buck, and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall. The Shepardsons done the same. It was pretty ornery preaching-all about brotherly love, and such-like tiresomeness; but everybody said it was a good sermon, and they all talked it over going home, and had such a powerful lot to say about faith and good works and free grace and preforeordestination, and I don't know what at all, that it did seem to me to be one of the roughest Sundays I had run across yet.

The link between physical and human resources against the population density and distribution of population in the UK

The world's population is unevenly spread across the land surface. The explanation for the uneven distribution lies in a mixture of physical and human factors as well as the historical development of the area. Factors having a positive impact are likely to encourage a high population density whereas those having a negative impact are likely to deter population leading to sparsely populated areas. Within any one country there are also variations. The UK is one such country. The densely populated conurbations and south east of England contrast sharply with the sparsely populated uplands in the north and west of the UK. Before the industrial revolution in the UK was quite even, although the more fertile agricultural areas such as East Anglia were able to support much higher densities of population than the cold, wet uplands which were sparsely populated. This pattern can still be seen today. The north of the UK is very sparsely populated with the west coast of Scotland having 0- 10 people/ per sq km and a thin line around the east coast having 11- 150 people/ sq km. This is mainly due to their unsuitability for agriculture and their remoteness. Read this Ch. 22 Respiratory System The land is too steep for farm machinery, the soils are often thin and rocky and there are few lines of communication. The economic potential is low, i. e. there are few opportunities for farming and industry. Occupations are most likely confined to extensive hill sheep farming, forestry, tourism, and quarrying and water companies. However there is an exception to this trend. The valley between the lowlands of Scotland and the beginning of the English mountains has a very high population density of over 500 people per/ sq km. This is because the area has a positive relief of lowlands and gently undulating terrain with the soils being fertile and easily worked e. g. loams and alluvium. The vegetation is easy to clear and it has valuable grasslands. The valley has well drained soils with adequate water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. There is also the presence of coal in the area accessible to the outside world and for trade. This presence of coal led to mass rural to urban migration during the industrial revolution giving it a high population density. The area also has good infrastructure with good export trade and wealthy markets due to the two ports on both the east and west coasts of the area. The east port makes trade to Europe easy and the west Ireland and beyond. The north part of England is fairly sparsely populated with a population density of 0-10 people/ per sq km in the upland areas of the region and 11-50 in the lower areas. This is again due to the unsuitability for agriculture and their remoteness. The land is too steep for farm machinery; the soils are too thin and rocky with a poor infrastructure. However as with Scotland there is an exception on the east coast and on the west. These two areas are the old industrial core regions of England. The high population densities are a result of the coal and iron ore resource for base of heavy industry which developed during the industrial revolution. This was aided by port access. The focus on technology and enterprise led to continued prosperity. The north east is the most dynamic of the old northern cores, attracting foreign investment and service growth. East Anglia and East Midlands, as part of lowland Britain, have comparatively fertile loam soils and moderate rainfall with sunny summers. These areas are favoured for agricultural prosperity and as market centres as a result they have a population density of 11-150 people/ sq km. East Anglia is the fastest growth area in the UK aided by the electrification of rail line for computer growth and science park developments. The East Midlands and West Midlands established engineering and automobile industrial areas are also being revived by high technology and service growth. In south England the area around London has the highest population density with over 150 people/ sq km and Greater London having 6. 3 million people living in the area. The greatest initial resource was London's location on the Thames estuary, facing the continent. The UK's incorporation into the EU and the completion of the Channel Tunnel remain significant factors in its growth. London has exerted strong long term influence as the capital and centre for administration and finance. The area is of national and international importance, setting of cumulative causation and multiplier effect. It is the hub of a national route network. Its expanding population provides prosperous market, helping towards making it the greatest entrepreneurial centre in the UK. It has benefited from a shift in economy from heavy industry to light, service industry, including banking and insurance, especially since the mid- 1930s. the focus is now high technology industry and further service growth. Prosperity has spread especially since the 1960s. People's desires and higher core costs led to decentralisation of population and economic activity into the more spacious rural areas, particularly along the M4 and M3 growth corridors into East Anglia. The south west has a sparse population density of 11- 150 people/ sq km. However this is set to change. The south west was part of the more remote upland fringe until recently. Now with lower cost, rural setting and developing motorway and commuter train links, it attracts both retirement and working households, service and high technology growth, as well as tourists.

The Colonial Influence on Sri Lankan Society and on Hill Country

Chapter ONE: 1.0 Colonial ere and hill state. 1.1 The colonial influence and its impacts on Sri Lankan society. The traditional Sri Lankan society was chiefly based on Buddhism as the faith, agribusiness as the chief tenancy and the caste oriented opinion system. The kingship pattern disposal system was dominated the land and throne was decidedly entitled to a Buddhist. The Buddhist monastic was really of import in the opinion system through the male monarch. Peoples chosen really simple and low life form and the society were chiefly disciplined by Buddhist doctrine. Basically, traditional Sri Lankan society was peaceable, generous and merely due to long term influence of Buddhism. The basic and likely the lone economic activity of the common multitudes were paddy and other grain cultivation. Other than that they had merely really few demands due to their really simple life form and they were really easy to fulfill with really limited resources in the state. That type of life form can be identified as self-sufficing economical system. Social construction had a strong order with the feudal system predominating in dominant mode. All the lands were chiefly belongs to the male monarch and the male monarch gave them harmonizing to his favour. The lands can be divided consequently to their ownership and the responsibility towards the male monarch. The basic types were as given below. 1. â€Å" Ninda Gam † – The lands donated by the male monarch to his authorities retainers. The crop belongs to the proprietors and can be changed the ownership harmonizing to the household. 2. â€Å" Gabada Gam † – The lands separated for male monarchs usage and the people who cultivate on those lands should give part to the castle. Besides people should make responsibilities to the male monarch and to the castle. 3. â€Å" Vihara Gam † – The lands given to the Buddhist temples by the male monarch and there people who had to cultivate on them and besides the crop should split in to two. 4. â€Å" Devala Gam † – The lands given to devala by the male monarch. It is clear that the ownership of the lands goes to the male monarch and land was the foundation of the male monarch right to the service and part of the people and vise versa. â€Å" Although the Ceylon litoral had since the early sixteenth century been successfully by Portuguese, Dutch and British. The kandyan land maintained its independency under the male monarchs from Wimaladarmasuriya 1 ( reg-AD 1591-1604 ) to the temperament of Sri Wikrama Rajasinghe by British in 1815 † ( Prof. Nimal De Silva- Architect journal-1990 ) The Kandyan period was rich with powerful male monarchs like Rajasinghe two who succeeded subverting the Lusitanian with the aid of the Dutch. The disposal system was really powerful that the influence of it on the common multitudes was really great. As historiographers shows the Portuguese was the first Europeans who came to the Srilanka every bit early as 1505 and accordingly were succeeded by Dutch. Both of above encroachers were able to capture the maritime states of Sri Lanka and they were established their ain authoritiess. The Portuguese introduced Roman catholism and Dutch the adopted their judicial disposal system which is still remain in Srilanka as Roman-Dutch jurisprudence. The hill state subjected to important alterations during the British period. The huge influence of British disposal spread over the full society because they established their authorization allover the land. They were wholly succeeded in making a westernized value system. Catholism was treated as the province faith and the Buddhism was overpowered by the catholism. The Sinhalese were forced to encompass catholism by offering particular privileges to those who did so. English instruction spread through out the state and people were taught to believe as British and to esteem their values. The British were successfully created a class of Sinhalese in really facet of life built in skin color. 1.2 Colonial influence on architecture of hill state. The colonial had really closed fond regard with hill state and people of hill state. It is because they identified the clime of the hill state was so familiar to the clime of their state. So they began to take hill state to pass their reposeful yearss and that created figure of personal businesss with local adult female on hill state. These types of closer fond regards causes to the important alterations in socio-cultural and economic background of the hill state. 1.2.1 Socio-culture and economic background of the colonial period in Hill state. A societal difference had begun to originate between Sinhalese of low state and hill state. Kandyan had a sense of pride natured by the fact that they had retained their political independency and they begun to look at the low state Sinhalese who had fallen quarry of christianism and other western influences, with dubious oculus. That causes to split Sinhalese in to two culturally different classs. Harmonizing to the historiographers after the invading of the Kandyan land in 1815AD the British intentionally attempted to diminish the power of Sinhala headsmans ‘s, in order to destruct the forming power of Sinhalese. As a trap they identified the spread between up state and low state. Then the British were strengthened the spread and destroyed the harmoniousness of the Srilankan society. The British identified the demand of a reform in the bing disposal system in order to reconstruct and keep their jurisprudence and order over the Island on a long term. Two incidents that promote d these reforms where the 1797-98 rebellion in maritime States and 1817-18 rebellion of Kandyan state. Harmonizing to the history, more basic alterations took topographic point in the 1830s largely due to the reform initiated by the Colebrook Cameron committee which visited the state in 1829-30. They learn towards western signifiers of disposal based on money economic system and free endeavor, alternatively of the feudalist system that was predominating. After the recommendation of the Colebrook Cameron committee most of the authorities monopolies was given up and stairss were taken to sell the authoritiess lands known as ‘Gabada Gama † . They were sold in auction and it permitted in persons to originate the procedure of land purchase. Freehold right of land extended significantly. In the interim, rapid development took topographic point in the physical substructure of the state. The Colombo-Kandy main road was completed by 1832 and the route web became one of the most important and economically considerable characteristics. This web was sonly supplemented with the postal and telegraph services. Colombo-Kandy railroad was completed by the twelvemonth 1867 and later encompassed a milage of 713 by the twelvemonth 1924. Reasonably subsequently in 1880 the Colombo seaport was developed. These reform and development provided a huge scope of economical and employment chances in Sri Lanka. Some of the of import capital investing and economic enterprisers used their wealth to give their kids a good English instruction in the best school of the state and higher instruction abroad. Srilankan who finished the school instruction were absorbed to the disposal system as clerks, civil retainers and etc: these Srilankans were really happy with these occupations because they provide them good populating criterion, socially acceptableness and secured hereafter. The new middle-classes of the Srilankan society emerged out of them. The freshly emerged categories consolidated their position with the aid of the British authorities. In that sense they were really grateful to British swayers. They were heartlessly condemned every thing covering with Srilankan traditional civilization. They chosen catholism to Buddhism as a more modern faith ; spoke merely in English and thirstily follow ed anything linked with British in order to foreground them egos as westernized quality of local over the traditional Srilankan society. 1.3 History of plantation industry. The Arabs were introduced the java works to Srilankan and Southern India at first clip, subsequently Srilankans begun to grew the java widely in the gardens and was besides planted around the temples. During the Portuguese captured the Srilanka from 1505 to 1655 no effort was made to cultivate the works. As historiographers mentioned in their paperss the Dutch were started to cultivate certain harvests such as cinnamon and java at 1740. How of all time the first java plantation was unluckily started in the tropical low state about 10 stat mis off from the Galle, on land closer to Baddegamuwa on Gindura River. Because of the tropical clime the first effort was unsuccessful. There after they came to the Kandy territory in hill state, as the clime looks more suited for the java cultivation. Harmonizing to the historiographers the first java works was placed by Sir Edward Banns in 1823 under the British authorities. Meanwhile the Ceylone became the universe ‘s largest java manufacturer. There were some major grounds had identified as the grounds for the accomplishment of the java industry. 1. Coffee cultivation really popular among Europeans. 2. The sudden failure in java production in West Indies islands. The java industry in Srilanka had reached its highest extremum in 1868 harmonizing to the history. Then there was a sudden autumn occurred in java industry because of the disease call â€Å" hamileia vatatrix † . As it spread through all over the Ceylon java plantations so started Rubber cultivation at Rathnapura, Galle and Kalutara territories. There after the Rubber became the outstanding commercial harvest in ceylone at 1890. As a consequence of the industrial revolution the gum elastic industry became succeeded. Besides the traditional coconut cultivation was developed in good managed mode. Even though the java destroyed by the disease there were batch of plantation owners remain and they tried to replant the tea. Then the tea became a good manner of puting money lost in java cultivation. Many of the java plantation owners became tea plantation owners and by the mid 1890s the â€Å" tea camelia was became outstanding harvest in Ceylon. Harmonizing to the history James Taylor was the first tea plantation owner land area of tea, by the seeds brought from Assam. The historiographers says that he was the first commercial graduated table tea plantation owner in Srilanka. Thus began the tea industry in Srilanka. James Taylor Tea plantation 1.4 Climate conditions and output of tea. The output potency of any harvest is set by the clime and its twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours fluctuation, which we call as conditions. The most of import characteristic in the conditions is as follows, 1. Annual rainfall 2. Temperature fluctuation 3. Wind speed 4. Humidity Besides the nature of the dirt is another of import factor for any harvest. 1. Rainfall The hill state receives more than 2500mm rainfall spread over the twelvemonth. Tea is grown on the hillsides of tropical and semitropical states. The harvest needs 2000mm-5400mm during the twelvemonth. Annual rainfall 2. Temperature The hill state has a cool brumous clime during the twelvemonth. This occurs because of the tallness above from the average sea degree. In this part the temperature varies from 15.6C lower limit to 27C upper limit. There is a line drive relationship between shoot extension rate and average temperature. This type of cold clime is favourable for tea cultivation. Annual temperature fluctuation 3. Soil status When sing the dirt status in hill state we can see it is red-yellow podzolic and ruddy brown laterite which is suited for tea cultivation. Tea is turning in broad scope of dirt types and there for it does non intend is that there are certain dirt features which must be met by any peculiar dirt where tea is to be grown. Soil status requires for tea cultivation SOIL ( General chemical belongingss )Ph dirt H2O4 %Organic affair5.4 %Entire N0.33 %CN ratio9.63 %Available P ( ppm )24 %Average one-year rainfall and lowest-highest average month temperature on tea turning countries of hill state.KandyNuwaraEliyaLatitude8N7NLongitude81E80.45EAnnual rainfall2375mm2225mmTemperature scope ( C )22.8-25.813.3-15.6Average temperature23.914.4

Virtue of Aquinas and Machiavelli Essay Essays

Virtue of Aquinas and Machiavelli Essay Essays Virtue of Aquinas and Machiavelli Essay Essay Virtue of Aquinas and Machiavelli Essay Essay The author’s end in this essay is to measure the definition of virtuousness harmonizing to Aquinas and compare/contrast that with Machiavellian virtuousness. Following this rating the writer will try to discredit Machiavellian virtuousness as being shallow and impossible. Trusting on inquiry 55 from the Summa Theologiae and assorted chapters from The Prince. the writer hopes to put a solid and concrete statement against Machiavelli. It is deficient to compose of Aquinas without first adverting Aristotle and the relationship Thomas Aquinas had with his work. Aristotle writes at great length of the human good. The good for adult male. harmonizing to Aristotle. is an active usage of those modules which separate adult male from the remainder of nature. viz. ground and will. which are distinguishable from lower modules such as feeling or reaction. One rule that profoundly influenced Aquinas was Aristotle’s theory that the moral virtuousnesss are each an norm of two opposing human traits ( which is how the mean individual gauges ethical motives today whether they are witting of it or non ) . Courage is found between cowardliness and heedlessness. generousness between stinginess and extravagance. The highest good for Aristotle is found in the contemplation of truth. he believed this was the highest portion of man’s nature ; that it was so because of its trust on man’s mind and ground. Thomas Aquinas took the contemplation of truth a brilliant measure farther by contending adult male. through seeking his ultimate terminal. as take parting in the very nature of God. For Aquinas this engagement is the province of Grace. A individual in the province of Grace possesses certain powers. these are referred to as virtuousnesss. More specifically they are infused virtuousnesss that can be separated into two distinguishable sorts: Theological virtuousnesss and Moral ( or Cardinal ) virtuousnesss. Before diging excessively profoundly into the particulars of these virtuousnesss it is of import to set up some land work. Thomas Aquinas defines virtuousness as â€Å"a good wont bearing on activity† . We can besides associate this definition to a good module. viz. wont. Intrinsic to the construct of virtuousness is habit. Habit harmonizing to Thomas can be within the natural order or elevated to the Divine by Grace. Habits are seen as â€Å"stable dispositions† . or qualities. that guide the modules to move a certain manner. Habits can be infused or acquired depending on the module. Of class non every wont is a virtuousness but merely one that guides a module. through the usage of ground. toward the good ; the good being the Ultimate terminal or the Beatific Vision which awaits us when our life here on Earth is over. Aquinas makes a cardinal point about virtuousnesss. The cardinal point made is between what Aquinas refers to as the infused virtuousnesss ( those which are God given and work in us without intervention from the modules of adult male ) and the acquired wonts. When these acquired good wonts become regular pattern for us we call them our â€Å"second nature† . Our 2nd nature leads our actions to flawlessness. Elemental and perfectly necessary for the development of our 2nd nature are ground and will. our mind. The infused virtuousnesss. on the other manus. are a gift from God and are therefore called supernatural because they transcend ground and will ; they are gifts which we can non freely get or run. Among these infused gift virtuousnesss are two sorts: the first are the Theological virtuousnesss ( Faith. Hope. and Charity ) which are concerned straight with God and our ultimate terminal. which are unaided by ground. The theological virtuousnesss supply adult male with the love of God and learn us His will. The 2nd and lesser of the infused virtuousnesss are the moral virtuousnesss. The moral virtuousnesss are concerned with human action and non with God himself. More specifically they are concerned with human behavior. The four moral virtuousnesss ( which are besides called Cardinal virtuousnesss ) are Prudence. Fortitude. Temperance. and Justice. Where the Theological virtuousnesss are tied into the supernatural. the Cardinal virtuousnesss are associated with the natural universe. Among the four Prudence is the highest because it is linked with ground. The rule act of Prudence is the executing of right or good ground. Prudence guides our ground. Examples of this are good judgement and the ability to cover with the unexpected in a good manner. Fortitude is concerned with the ability to cover with what is painful or unpleasant. Temperance is associated with the impulses and cravings for what is enjoyable and eventually Justice towards the will of people. Emphasis must be made on the cardinal difference between the two types of virtuousnesss. Theological virtuousnesss ( covering with the occult ) and Cardinal virtuousnesss ( concerned with the natural ) . A moral virtuousness by definition avoids extremes by manner of the usage of human ground. the theological virtuousnesss transcend ground. The supernatural and natural virtuousnesss are interconnected as Aquinas explains: â€Å"Grace ( the occult ) does non destruct but builds upon nature† . Ultimately mortal man’s modules can be described as holding ground which is enlightened by religion ; this elevates adult male into boundlessly higher fields than other animals. After sufficient discourse and account about Aquinas and virtuousness we come to a hamlets. Some four hundred old ages subsequently a new idea emerges with the deep and fractured ( some would state profoundly fractured ) head of Machiavelli. a adult male who continues to offer so much excessively so many slimey politicians across the Earth. Machiavelli and his position on the human status and more specifically human virtuousness in footings of the political adult male is the 2nd subdivision of our probe. Prior to Machiavelli the position of a political leader ( or Prince. as referred to by Machiavelli ) was much different than his ain reading. A Prince and his functions in respects to political authorization were viewed as rightful merely if the exerting swayer had a strong moral character and was a virtuous individual. A swayer was viewed as making good merely when he sought the good. Rulers had to gain the right to be obeyed and respected. This position of a swayer is called a â€Å"moralistic authority† and is exactly what Machiavelli criticizes in his work titled The Prince. In composing The Prince. Machiavelli sought to snuff out so current positions ( or at least present a radically different position ) of political authorization. Machiavelli preached that there is no moral footing on which to judge the difference between correct or illicit utilizations of power. Rather. whoever has power has the right to command ; since goodness does non guarantee power and the good individual has no more authorization merely because he is good. Good or morality is ineffective in the acquisition and care of power. Obviously this position is in blunt struggle with the thoughts of a moralistic political ideal. For Machiavelli the merely existent concern of the political swayer is the acquisition and care of power entirely and non the common good of the community. Virtue. as had been taught by the philosophers preceding Machiavelli. is really frequently incompatible with his impression of effectual usage of power. This is so because those who are willing to utilize tactics without any moral backup are certain to throw out he who acts harmonizing to his virtuousness and is unwilling to use other. immoral tactics. Harmonizing to Machiavelli the lone confidence that a prince can get the better of the strains of political relations is if he is willing and ready to travel against virtuousness when necessary. This kind of swayer must non be low to utilizing tactics such as slaying. misrepresentation. graft. use. and any other manner of immoral behavior he sees fit if certain state of affairss require it in order to keep ( or addition ) power. For Machiavelli it is precisely this attack to opinion that he sees as the â€Å"virtues† of leading. The usage of any manner necessary to obtain and keep power is virtue. Through this bold attack to opinion we are given an wholly new return on virtuousness and arguably mankind itself. With this new vision of political regulation. purged of any moral influences. we are given a wholly new attack to the exercising of power. It is now rooted in the foundations of de-moralized political relations. This new and audacious attack to â€Å"power politics† is exactly what Machiavelli calls virtuousness. Machiavelli employs this new construct of virtuousness to mention to a scope of qualities a prince will happen necessary to get. in order to â€Å"maintain his state† and to â€Å"achieve great things† . the two necessities of power for him. This makes viciously clear that there is no similarity between conventional Christian virtuousness and Machiavellian virtuousness. One can therefore sum up Machiavelli’s position of what it is to be a virtuous individual as such: A prince above all else must get a â€Å"flexible disposition† . A swayer must be capable of switching his/her actions from good to evil and back once more â€Å"as luck and fortunes dictate† . Precisely how does Machiavellian virtuousness affect the exercising of power? In order to reply this inquiry we must analyze another cardinal rule of his virtuousness. Therefore enters the construct of Fortune. As discussed in Chapter 25 of The Prince. Machiavelli teaches the reader that luck shows itself where virtuousness and wisdom are missing. Fortune harmonizing to Machiavelli is a menace to the security of the province and must be fought against as such. Fortune is a force outside of ground that is wholly unpredictable which brings wretchedness and catastrophe to mankind. As Machiavelli provinces: â€Å"it is better to be hotheaded than cautious. because Fortuna is a adult female and it is necessary. in order to maintain her under. to crush and maul her† . Fortune is therefore viewed as a beginning of force which must be answered with force if one hopes to command it. Virtue is the lone readying one has against luck. Virtue provides the ability to react to fortune whenever and nevertheless necessary. Machiavellian virtuousness affects the exercising of power in everyway. Machiavelli’s construct of virtuousness is wholly integrated with the exercising of power. The effectual and utile exercising of power is virtue. for Machiavelli. The tools and methods a Prince utilizes to demand his bid and guarantee his place are his virtuousnesss. Machiavellian virtuousness is so basically different than true virtuousness. ( virtuousness as defined by Aquinas ) that an surrogate word would do to specify it. When analyzing the two philosophers the differences between them are rather obvious. but one must look deeper than what is given at face value in order to happen the true effects of Machiavellian virtuousness. Once a individual has a basic apprehension and cognition of Machiavelli and his plants one can so come in into brooding thought on him and happen a deeper effect to populating a Machiavellian virtuous life. What is adult male if all that has traditionally defined him has been reduced to mere tools which help him to accomplish an terminal? What is the him of the adult male? If virtuousness does non specify the individual. what does? The greatest defect in Machiavellian virtuousness is that adult male loses his individuality and his character. Virtue has been redefined from that which develops ethical motives and character to that which helps to procure power. Emphasis is now on the power and non the individual. With Machiavelli virtuousness covers merely one facet of the individual. Man as leader and power trader. What is left of the adult male. if there are no longer any specifying traits. if adult male no longer has an individuality? Without any formal individuality adult male is no longer viewed as being â€Å"like God† . the supernatural facet of adult male is gone. that which is our true individuality. We have learned from Thomas Aquinas that virtuousness is developed through wont ; these wonts become who you are. If we remove that. what of the remainder of the adult male? Man is reduced to something of a retainer to â€Å"power† . Aquinas elevates adult male to the supernatural. as existences created in the similitude and image of God. made to portion in the Divinity of God. Aquinas’ virtuousness covers the whole individual. Thomas lists the cardinal virtuousnesss which guide all the facets of human life. from Prudence to Charity and Temperance to Faith. By developing these virtuousnesss we become virtuous people. the virtuousnesss that we cultivate forms who we are and order our desires in line with the will of God. For Aquinas virtuousness leads us to God and our ultimate terminal which Beatific Vision. For Machiavelli virtuousness is merely the agencies of executing a undertaking. instruments that can and should be employed to make an terminal which is merely of this Earth ; viz. the securing and expanding of power. For Machiavelli all that affairs is what is of this universe. Man is reduced to nil more than animate being with mind. nil supernatural and no life here after. As I have antecedently stated above. the greatest defect in Machiavellian virtuousness is that adult male loses his individuality and character. One other obvious and dramatic restriction to Machiavelli’s position of virtuousness. and therefore adult male himself. is that he speaks merely of adult male as swayer. non adult male as provincial. or servant. or adult male in the familial sense. If adult male were to specify himself precisely as Machiavelli proposes. he would genuinely lose his individuality. If virtuousness is redefined than it would look that adult male excessively is redefined. Either Machiavelli missed something so foundational and necessary. such as the other functions people play in society. or his aim was. in specifying virtuousness. to merely redefine the swayer. Machiavelli must hold realized his position of adult male was limited and flawed ; his true purpose was to alter society from the top down. Resulting would be a society that sought merely selfish desires and the acquisition of power. Machiavelli had no interesting apprehension adult male merely to ordain his thoughts and go a Prince. Man in accommodating these new thoughts is making nil less than lead oning himself. Virtue is a really wide subject which deserves rating. If we are to better understand ourselves and our civil society it is imperative that we learn what we can about those people who have. are presently. and will determine our ideas refering ourselves. God. and nature. What I have attempted is to turn to two really different positions on virtuousness. Aquinas continues to be the root beginning of our apprehension of virtuousness. Many efforts have been made by many people to redefine adult male ; Machiavelli is merely one of many. Machiavelli holds the rubric as the first philosopher to whole-heartedly effort to retrace adult male in his ain similitude and image and to extinguish God. As foolish and impossible as that seems from a Christian position. he succeeded and continues to win in winning over new ( non ) trusters. By the very nature of turning off from God we deceive and are deceived. all of his bold new tactics sum to little more than misrepresentation. Deception laced with penetrations and deformed images of adult male. Man every bit viewed as non fallen from Grace but instead nescient to his â€Å"true† capableness and intent. Machiavelli offers us another apple.

World Issues Essays - Demography, Population, Demographic Economics

World Issues Essays - Demography, Population, Demographic Economics World Issues There are many important world issues. Among these issues, we have studied the rapid growth of the world, which was the topic of critical importance. The extraordinary rapid increase of the world population constitutes a serious problem in which no citizen of the world can remain indifferent. The public has become increasingly aware of the dramatic rise in the rate of the world population growth during the three centuries of the modern era. There is a tendency on the part of many to see rapid rates on population growth as giving rise to a barrier on a road to progress. This may threaten peace and stability in the world because the population growth may make it impossible to meet in a timely fashion, the reasonable aspirations of hundreds of millions of people in the underdeveloped countries. During the first three centuries of the modern era, from 1690 - 1990, the world population has multiplied five times, from 1 to more than 4.5 billion. Over this time span the population of Europe increased six times, and of Europe and European occupied areas in the Western Hemisphere and Oceania combined about eight times. The population of North America increased about 160 times and that of Latin America about fourteen times. During the same period, the population of Asia increased by less than 4 times (however, this contrasts with what must have been a much less rapid increase earlier. The absolute increase in Asia however was very large.) In Africa, the population merely doubled. It is clear that greatly accelerated growth occurred first among the nations that first experienced modernization - the combination of "revolutions," including the agricultural revolution, commercial revolution, science revolution, and the technological revolution. Explosive population growth, th! e "vital revolution" - a pace of growth without precedent in long settled areas - did not approach nations in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, until after Wold War I and especially after World War II. Rapid growth has been one of the three related population phenomena generating public concern. The two other are the increasing concentration of people on a relatively small portion of the Earth's surface - a phenomenon of better urbanization and mertopolitanization and growing diversity of the people who share the same geographical area and increasingly, the same economic, social, and political systems. World population growth is entirely the result of natural increase - the excess of births over deaths. If mortality declines rapidly and there is a high birth rate in any given country, there will become a heavy child burden that marks the beginning of overpopulation. The reasons for this remarkable change are not entirely clear. One cause was certainly the widespread control and virtual elimination of Malaria and other insect-carried disease. Other causes were widespread use of vaccines and modern drugs in less developed countries. There also has been speculation that human beings have developed more immunity to some microbial diseases that the virulence of some microorganisms has declined. The disadvantages of high birth rate are not generally admitted for two reasons. First there is and ideological prejudice against admitting that a high birth rate can in any way be harmful, and so anti nationalist policy does not generally appeal to politicians. Secondly, there is widespre! ad belief that an ever-greater pool of manpower is a military and economic asset to a nation. It therefore comes as a shock to many people to hear it maintained that one of the demographic factors weakening a nation's powers is a birth. No one can maintain that a pre-industrial birth rate is always and in every way disadvantageous. In certain instances, it may be an asset. But an analysis of the effect of birth rates on a nation's efficiency will show that in most cases today the advantage lies with a low rather then a high rate. The rapid population growth has economic, social, and political effects. It also interacts with public education, health, and welfare, and the qualities in which people live. Economic Consequences: Rates of population growth in many less developed countries are at least half the rate of economic growth and in some cases equal the latter. Chiefly because of high fertility of these countries, the ratio of

The best way to answer the question Why should I hire youÂÂ

The best way to answer the question Why should I hire you   It’s the moment of truth- you’re on the job hunt and have landed an interview and it’s going well. You’re making a great impression on the person you’re meeting with and it really feels as if you have this locked up†¦ and then all of a sudden you’re hit with the big question: â€Å"Why should I hire you?† On its face it may seem like an easy question, but the truth is that it may only seem deceptively so. On top of there being a lot riding on your answer (namely a possible new job), the way in which you choose to answer the question may reveal a great deal to the person who’s in a position to make a hiring decision about you. Obviously, you want to make a good impression, and there’s a million overused and unremarkable ways to handle the question that you should wisely avoid. With all of that said, perhaps it doesn’t seem so simple anymore?Don’t worry- although there are plenty of ways to miss the mark when you’re facing this question, there are some effective strategies for how to handle it that can help turn a good interview into a great one, ensure that you leave a positive lasting impression on the interviewer, and increase your chances of getting hired. The Balance recently published an article highlighting proven strategies for handling the â€Å"Why should I hire you?† question. Consider taking advantage of the following tips when you next face it.Build your pitch.Always remember that you’re selling yourself whenever you’re on an interview, and your answer to the question â€Å"Why should I hire you?† should reflect a deep awareness of the requirements of the position that you’re interviewing for, the needs of the company that you’d like to become a part of, and the personality traits, skills, and experience that you possess that make you an ideal candidate. This means that you should always do your homework before getting to the interview, and you should be ready to confidently connect the dots between you, the employer, and their needs. If you have this down cold, then you’re in a good position to let the interviewer know precisely why they should hire you; if you’re unsure of the answer, keep working to connect those dots before the day of the big interview arrives. It never hurts to take a look at the keywords in the job posting and incorporate some of them into your answer.That said, you should always be ready to tweak your answer as needed to reflect any new information you get during the interview. For example, if you go into the interview thinking that good project management skills is your most valuable asset for the position but learn during the interview that they’re really looking to hire someone who’s a whiz with numbers, you may want to consider a revision if the question arises.Keep it brief.A good answer to the question need not- and really should not- be an e ndless soliloquy that takes the unfortunate audience on a meandering journey through your entire life story. Keep it short, simple, and to the point- think a minute or two, tops. Your one goal is to succinctly encapsulate why you effectively bridge the gap between the position you’re vying for and the needs of the company. Anything longer than that may exhaust the listener and may truly be â€Å"TMI.†Realize it’s not just what you say.Sure, you’re going to be judged based on what you say in response to this question, but just as important for this and all other interview questions is how you respond. This includes your confidence, body language, and ability to sell yourself as a true potential asset who stands out from the job hunting crowd. So, not only prepare what you intend to say in response to this weighty question, also be sure that your delivery is razor-sharp. It’s okay to act like you’ve prepared an answer in advance- hiring manage rs love  preparation and attention to detail!What makes you stand out?It’s always smart to keep in mind that for every good answer you might have for every interview question that arises, there’ll be a pack of other qualified candidates who will also come to their interviews strapped with good answers as well. Therefore, you should come ready to answer the question â€Å"Why should I hire you?† with something that makes you stand out from the crowd. Anything that makes you unique and could be viewed as a potential checkmark in the â€Å"pro† column when hiring personnel are deciding about you is fair game. Perhaps the interviewer mentioned that the company is seeking to expand its business internationally and you speak the language of a country that they may be looking to do business in- that could be a potential game changer. Try to have your own game changer in mind when facing this question. Any detail will do- not only will you seem well-suited for the job, but it will also show that you’ve done your homework in advance and know what the company is all about.â€Å"Why should I hire you?† is a question that has the potential to leave you rambling on and on while not saying much of anything. Don’t waste your opportunity to create a powerful, pointed answer to this common interview question. Your interviewer will be impressed with your ability to summarize all you have to offer in a focused soundbite- you’ll look prepared, confident, and responsible, all traits key to getting the job.

Summary ( Proof reading) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary ( Proof reading) - Essay Example It also found emerging evidence of benefits for asthma and bone health. Report’s co-author and Omega-3 Centre Executive Director Wendy Morgan said lack of omega-3s could also be setting up children for major chronic illnesses, particularly heart disease, in adulthood. "What they are eating now is going to influence their risk of a heart attack in later life," she said. "There is a huge amount of evidence looking at the many roles of long chain omega-3s in helping reduce the risk of heart disease." The report found children aged 14 and over needed 500mg a day of long-chain omega-3s for optimal health. But most children consumed only 34mg to 118mg per day. Ms Morgan, a dietician, said most children were lucky to eat one meal of fish per week, but they needed two or three meals of oily fish, such as salmon, tuna, sardines and herrings, each week to meet the daily 500mg target. Deakin University’s Human Nutrition Expert Professor Andrew Sinclair said the problem was that many children did not like fish. "The intake of omega-3s in Australian children is very low because most kids these days are such fussy eaters," he said. "They often just dont like fish and certainly steer away from other seafood which are naturally rich in these healthy long-chain omega-3 nutrients. â€Å"Parents need to be aware of this current enormous shortfall and find more creative ways to help their children consume more essential omega-3 nutrients." Ms Morgan said many foods were now enriched with omega-3s. These included milk, bread, yogurt, snack bars and even frozen chips. She said that while the amount of omega-3s in these enriched foods was usually small, every little bit helped. Long-chain omega-3s are an essential nutrient taken up by every cell in the body. But they are not produced by the body and must be taken in through diet. Oily fish are the best sources, but other

Business-Millennial generations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business-Millennial generations - Essay Example It is also important to note that this generation Y is also coined with the millennial generation because this generation simply refused to connect themselves with their earlier generations and were partly affected by the rise of technology also. (Winograd & Hais, 2008). What significance this generation can hold for a company can provide an important insight into the different attributes and characteristics of a completely new market segment which can be served with greater penetration. This report will discuss some of the most important attributes of the generation millennial for Penrose Media Co willing to penetrate and study this cohort to understand their work behaviors and attributes. Generation Millennial belong to an era which witnessed significant political struggle within US as they not only witnessed cold war but also fierce battles in Iraq war also. Though there are very rough estimates of the actual size of this generation however, some estimates suggest that generation Y comprises of almost sixty million individuals who have relatively more distinguished characteristics than previous generations. The most important strength of this generation is the fact that they are well aware of technology and are using social networking and other technological tools to capitalize on opportunities offered by digital world. It is because of this reason that they are often called digital natives as they are more familiar with the technology and are using it in more commercial manner. (Jayson). They are self assured and optimistic therefore they tend to have more inclination towards academic curiosity and as such more intellectual and socially engaged actions motivate them more as compared to their previous generations. What is also significant is the fact that due to their awareness of the technology they are more connected with each

Strategy choice and change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategy choice and change - Essay Example Changing the approach to organisational operations is therefore expected to have a direct impact on the organisational culture. In this paper therefore, the change contexts at TED are analysed in relation to the culture of the organisation. As the change has already taken place, the appropriateness of the change process in relation to known change models will also be analysed. Three major models are used in doing this, including Kaleidoscope model, Johnson cultural web, and Kotter’s 8-step change model. Based on the Kaleidoscope model given about, there are some aspects of change context that can be identified as enablers. These include power, readiness, preservation and capacity. The reason these are said to be enablers is because they have the potential of fostering the change process that was intended to happen. For example in terms of power, the fact that power was vested in the CEO to carry out desirable changes whilst maintaining organisational processes meant that issues of resistance to change was going to be minimal (Balogun & Hailey, 2009). Again, as noted by Christensen and LÃ ¦rgreid (2002) readiness to change on the part of employees is a major determinant of success with change. Meanwhile, given the background to TED’s performance, before the coming of the new CEO, all employees appreciated the need for there to be change, which informed their readiness. In terms of preservation, even though the factors identified were downgrading, their mere existence gave th e justification for why there needed to be change and so are considered as enablers. This is because Carnall (2013) argued that whenever negative contexts are identified, they serve as catalysts for speeding up the change process because no leader wants to continue working with such negative contexts in place. Lastly, the capacity at both individual and organisational levels

Planet Venus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planet Venus - Essay Example Venus is the closest planet to earth both in distance and radius and this proximity has meant that we know more about it than any other planet. As shown below a lost has been discovered regarding the planets formation, composition, and visibility. Picture of Venus Venus was formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago together with the rest of the solar system when our sun was formed in a cloud nebula referred to as the solar nebula (Cain). The cloud nebula must have been destabilized by a strong external force such as a nearby supernova as it began to deteriorate and with its crumbling down many stars were formed including our sun which due to its gravity attracted residue from the nebula that rotated in the form of hot rocks. The rocks would join together to form the planets of our solar system and one of them was Venus. It is believed that Venus must have collided with another huge object that affected its rotation as it the only planet to rotate in a clockwise manner. Proof of this is also seen in the fact that Venus has the longest day in the solar system the equivalent of 243 which is longer than the time it takes to revolve around the sun. In spite of this collision, Venus would still remain the biggest region within its location and it is believed it might have even absorbed the object that collided with it. While Venus is similar to earth in size being 95 % the size of our planet and given their close proximity it is likely that they formed during the same time. Venus does however have some stark differences that have made it be nicknamed earth’s evil twin by scientists. Comparative photo of Venus and Earth by NASA The lower atmosphere of Venus is filled with Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen while the upper atmosphere has a strong presence of sulphur dioxide which makes the temperatures of Venus extremely high due to a Greenhouse effect. With recordings of over 460? Centigrade the temperature on Venus are the hottest recorded on any planet even surpass ing Mercury which is the closest to the sun and the sulfur fumes make the environment acidic as it rains sulfuric acid in the upper atmosphere. These factors make Venus a lifeless planet as the places are highly inhospitable for terrestrial life as we know. The surface of Venus unlike other planets does not have craters due to meteorites and two theories have arisen to explain this: either the gases are so thick that any object that enters the atmosphere will burn up due to the air pressure with the exception of the largest of meteorites, or the planets volcanoes have been erupting frequently and so cover any asteroid collisions that have occurred (Redd). The planet does not have any water on the surface due to the high temperatures but it does have two huge continents that have mainly volcanic plains. Venus also lacks a magnetic field like that of the earth and it is thought that the main cause of this is that the core has cooled down significantly thus lacks many ionized particles . Several projects have been initiated to send probes to Venus so as to explore the planet a significant number of which were done by the USSR during the cold war era where it was competing with USA in the space race. The first successful landing was done in 1970 by the Venera -7 space probes however, several fly by missions had been done before it. The Venera successfully transmitted date from the planet’s surface regarding its composition and in 1975 the Venera – 9 sent the first images from the planet. From then other probes have been sent as well as fly by missions conducted with the European Union sending its own orbiters to study the planet (Anatoly). Photo of surface of Venus from Nasa 2005 Venus is a highly inhospitab

ERP in Public Sector Oman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ERP in Public Sector Oman - Essay Example Vulnerable individuals such as the underage, old people, the mentally handicapped, the sick are ethically entitled to special considerations against discrimination, abuse, deception or even exploitation. In the conduct of research, the issue of ethical obligation to this category of the public demands a well-planned method to protect their interests, reactions, and suggestions about the ERP implementation in Oman public sector.Another ethical issue expected in this research is the circumstances where the interviewee expects or goes to an extent of requesting special services or bribery; some even ask for monetary assistance in return for their participation in the research. This is illegal and it brings about conflict of interest, as the information given will most likely be questionable.Oman is a country which is part of the expansive Arab states in the Maghreb region; traditionally, it has been using the Sharia law as part of its judicial system to govern and rule over its subjects and government operations as a whole. One of the branches of its judicial systems is the restriction it has placed on social interactions between men and women. The social segregation according to sex has made men largely prohibited from women’s realms, and vice versa. This is most likely to create difficulties in collecting data if the information has to come from a member of the opposite sex.Another legal factor that may be considered during my research is the issue of justice and fairness for all respondents.

Planet Venus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planet Venus - Essay Example Venus is the closest planet to earth both in distance and radius and this proximity has meant that we know more about it than any other planet. As shown below a lost has been discovered regarding the planets formation, composition, and visibility. Picture of Venus Venus was formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago together with the rest of the solar system when our sun was formed in a cloud nebula referred to as the solar nebula (Cain). The cloud nebula must have been destabilized by a strong external force such as a nearby supernova as it began to deteriorate and with its crumbling down many stars were formed including our sun which due to its gravity attracted residue from the nebula that rotated in the form of hot rocks. The rocks would join together to form the planets of our solar system and one of them was Venus. It is believed that Venus must have collided with another huge object that affected its rotation as it the only planet to rotate in a clockwise manner. Proof of this is also seen in the fact that Venus has the longest day in the solar system the equivalent of 243 which is longer than the time it takes to revolve around the sun. In spite of this collision, Venus would still remain the biggest region within its location and it is believed it might have even absorbed the object that collided with it. While Venus is similar to earth in size being 95 % the size of our planet and given their close proximity it is likely that they formed during the same time. Venus does however have some stark differences that have made it be nicknamed earth’s evil twin by scientists. Comparative photo of Venus and Earth by NASA The lower atmosphere of Venus is filled with Carbon Dioxide and nitrogen while the upper atmosphere has a strong presence of sulphur dioxide which makes the temperatures of Venus extremely high due to a Greenhouse effect. With recordings of over 460? Centigrade the temperature on Venus are the hottest recorded on any planet even surpass ing Mercury which is the closest to the sun and the sulfur fumes make the environment acidic as it rains sulfuric acid in the upper atmosphere. These factors make Venus a lifeless planet as the places are highly inhospitable for terrestrial life as we know. The surface of Venus unlike other planets does not have craters due to meteorites and two theories have arisen to explain this: either the gases are so thick that any object that enters the atmosphere will burn up due to the air pressure with the exception of the largest of meteorites, or the planets volcanoes have been erupting frequently and so cover any asteroid collisions that have occurred (Redd). The planet does not have any water on the surface due to the high temperatures but it does have two huge continents that have mainly volcanic plains. Venus also lacks a magnetic field like that of the earth and it is thought that the main cause of this is that the core has cooled down significantly thus lacks many ionized particles . Several projects have been initiated to send probes to Venus so as to explore the planet a significant number of which were done by the USSR during the cold war era where it was competing with USA in the space race. The first successful landing was done in 1970 by the Venera -7 space probes however, several fly by missions had been done before it. The Venera successfully transmitted date from the planet’s surface regarding its composition and in 1975 the Venera – 9 sent the first images from the planet. From then other probes have been sent as well as fly by missions conducted with the European Union sending its own orbiters to study the planet (Anatoly). Photo of surface of Venus from Nasa 2005 Venus is a highly inhospitab

Current Affair Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current Affair - Assignment Example In a bid to stop spread of Ebola, people have to avoid making physical contacts since Ebola is transmitted through body fluids such as sweat, saliva, blood, and tears among others. In a community that regards physical contact as the best way to express affection and show friendship, Ebola has claimed the lives of so many people. It is quite hard to shun away from the accustomed practices but nevertheless, this is the only way to prevent Ebola spread. It is extremely hard for family members and friends to avoid making physical contact regardless of situations requiring comfort. This is what makes it so hard to stop Ebola spread once it hits a certain area. Despite the view of many in different parts of the world, Ebola spread and containment is heavily dependent on the status of a country or area. Ebola may arguably be considered to thrive the best in areas of low development and therefore it is in order to say that Ebola spread is highly dependent on social inequality and economic imbalance. Looking at the recent sprout of Ebola, it is evident that developing countries such as some in Africa are at higher risks of experiencing such deadly diseases. To make matters worse, these are the same countries without the required techniques and knowledge of how to combat such horrific infestation. However, this is not to say that it would have better if the cases occurred in developed countries but instead it is a call for more to be done by the developed countries to help developing countries in times of crisis. For instance the levels at which media in developed countries reacted to the recent Ebola pandemic in Liberia is not satisfactory. It was not until Ebola claimed the first life in the American soil that American media reacted. This is despite the fact that cases of Ebola had already sprouted in Africa several months

In the Time of the Butterflies Essay Example for Free

In the Time of the Butterflies Essay Courage is valued among the characters, and they display it in varying amounts. Among all the sisters Minerva shows the most courage. First she starts off by wanting to be a lawyer and she is not afraid of speaking her mind. She goes to a boarding school where she meets a girl who is against Trujillo and learns how bad Trujillo really is. This is when she begins to start acting rebellious. Once she is older, Minerva’s family is invited to a party at Trujillo’s palace where she does things that most people would never even dare to think of doing. Minerva plays a game with Trujillo which she wins and gets her father released from arrest and gets her into law school. In law school, she joins a group that is speaking out against Trujillo. A lot of courage is needed to complete the tasks that Minerva completed and with these tasks she developed a love-hate relationship with Trujillo making some of the tasks easier to complete. In the end three out of the four sister have a lot courage and become a symbol for many people. The three sisters are killed, but by who they were killed is very controversial. The sisters are all aware of their cowardice as they perceive it, and while they sometimes fight for courage, in some cases they simply accept their cowardice, except for Minerva who shows courage at all times. Growing up Minerva was almost the bravest out of all the sisters. She was not afraid to speak her mind, even if they might be spies around. She would say things about Trujillo that would make everyone jump and ask if she was trying to get everyone killed. She always wanted to be free and make a difference in the world. Government and politics were not a place for women. A woman’s place was to follow her husband and be loyal to her husband. Minerva, on the other hand, wanted to be a lawyer. In reply, her mother comments, â€Å" Just what we need, skirts in the law! † Minerva argues, however, â€Å"It is just what this country needs It’s about time we women had a voice in running our country. † Her sisters had always worried about Minerva and her bravery because politics were dirty business and someone was always getting killed because they said the wrong thing and made Trujillo unhappy. Minerva did not care about the risks about being a woman in politics, she cared about equality and making a difference in the Dominican Republic. She thought she would get some freedom if she left home and went to a boarding school and that’s exactly what she did. In the boarding school, Minerva met a girl whose family was killed by Trujillo and she absolutely hated him for that. This girl told Minerva about all the terrible things that Trujillo has done and this is when Minerva starts learning more about Trujillo. This is also when you start seeing Minerva start becoming rebellious. This is shown when there is a class going on, but Minerva is not there instead she is on a balcony above the class talking to the girl who told her about Trujillo. This boarding school is also where she meets Trujillo for the first time and also shows bravery here. The school is performing a play for Trujillo when Minerva’s friend lifts her arrow and points it at Trujillo. Minerva risks herself to stop her friend from shooting the arrow. It was a small act of courage, but its the small acts that lead to the greater ones. Once Minerva graduates from boarding school and returns home, shortly after the family receives a party invitation from Trujillo. Once inside the castle, Minerva gets seated at a special table which was a request from Trujillo and once Trujillo arrives in the ballroom where the party is being held, he asks Minerva to dance. While dancing, Trujillo tells her how he never forgot her from the boarding school and how he thinks that she is very beautiful. Trujillo slowly moves his hands down her back and onto her buttocks and that is when she backs up and slaps him. No one would ever dare slap Trujillo, even after an act like this. This is a great act of disgrace and Minerva was very brave for standing her ground and slapping him. Everyone looked down on her with shock for what she did and her family was very mad and panicked and left immediately. Her family was very mad because slapping Trujillo could get the whole family killed because that was an act of rebellion. Minerva explains to her family that she did not slap him as a sign of rebellion, but because he touched her buttocks making her very uncomfortable. The family then was not as mad, but they were still very worried to what was going to happen to them. At this point of the movie, Minerva is still the one with the most courage while the rest of the family is accepting their cowardice. It took a lot of courage for Minerva to slap Trujillo in such a public place and at his own party. She knew there would be consequences to this, but she was still not afraid. Soon after the party soldiers came to the Mirabel household looking for the father. They said they were taking him in for quest oning, but everyone knew that he was being arrested and they did not know when they would see him again. Once the soldiers left, Minerva smashed the picture of Trujillo that was hung in their house because of her anger. This is another act of courage because if there are spies around they can come in and take Minerva away and kill her for doing that. ANother act of courage is when Minerva goes to the castle of Trujillo to talk to him about releasing her f ather. Trujillo came up with a game that they would play. They had to roll dice and who ever got the higher number won. The deal they made was if he won her father would not be released, but if she won the father would be released and she would be allowed to go to law school. Women were not allowed to go to law school in the Dominican Republic, so asking Trujillo to let her attend was another act of courage. Minerva ended up winning and Trujillo break the deal that he made with Minerva. The father was released and Minerva soon left to law school. At this point of the movie, Minerva’s sister began to show courage too. In law school, Minerva joins a group that goes against Trujillo and comes up with different plans and ideas to rebel against him, for example hanging up posters around town. One day one of Minerva’s sisters runs away from home and comes to Minerva. This is brave because women were needed at home and it was dangerous for them to travel by themselves. Also leaving home with not telling anyone would leave the parents worrying about their daughter. Minerva tells her sister to go home because it’s a bad time and not a place for her sister to be, trying to protect her. Leaving her sister met a guy who was part of the rebellious group and he got her to be in it as well. Now this is sister is being brave because now she is going against Trujillo as well putting the family in even more danger. Soon the third sister is also in the group and the three sisters become the leaders of this group. They become known as, â€Å"Las Mariposas. † The group is soon caught and everyone in it is arrested. When the sisters look out a small hole in the wall, they see a flag with butterflies on it, representing them and this gives them more hope. Soon the sisters are released from jail by Trujillo. When Minerva arrives at home, Trujillo is there waiting for her. He tells her that she has a lot of courage because everytime he does something nice for her because he likes her, she instead turns her back and does something back and is not afraid to pay the consequences. She then asks Trujillo to release hers and her sisters husbands from jail and Trujillo says he will. The sisters go visit their husbands and give them the good news, but on the way there they get stopped by soldiers. They get taken out of the car and into the cornfields where hey get slaughtered. This ending is very controversial because it was a group of men that killed them, but after all their courage and everything they did for the country, who would want to harm them? Also could have Trujillo ordered their death even if he loved Minerva and did everything she asked for? This part of the story may never be known. The movie begins with only Minerva being the brave one, but ends with three out of four sisters being the brave ones and fighting for what they believed was right. The sisters stopped accepting their cowardice and displayed their courage. As she was being marched down the hall, a voice from one of the cells called out,Mariposa does not belong to herself alone. She belongs to Quisqueya! Then everyone was beating on the bars calling out, Viva La Mariposa! Tears came to my eyes. Something big and powerful spread its wings inside me. Courage, I told myself. And this time, I felt it. † This is a quote from the movie and book that shows that although Minerva has been courageous the whole time, she did not feel it until she was leaving the jail. Everything that Minerva did in her lifetime, built her courage up and made her stronger each time.

Internationalization In The Hospitality Industry

Internationalization In The Hospitality Industry Introduction to the Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry composed with service oriented industries which included industries in vast range of fields like Tourism, Hotels, Restaurants, Lodges, Leisure Parks, Transports, Medical Hospitals Services, Advisory Services, etc.. It consists with low profitability an industry to Highest Profitability industries which are broadly distributed among the world and also this profitability is greatly fluctuates than manufacturing industries due to the several reasons. These each and every Hospitality firm consists of several working groups such as Front Office, Back Office, Maintenance Unit; Operations Unit, Human Resources, Marketing, Promotion and Advertising, etc (David, and Chon, 2006). Depend on the type of service they offer, this hospitality industries covers a broad range of organizations. They can further divided into sub categories depend on the Skills and qualifications their workers have to cater their customers with the set of services they have. E.g; Cooking, Nursing, Entertaining, Advising, etc They are in position to cater the needs of customers better than the competition is more likely able to sustain competitive advantage over time. Catering to customer needs is dominant to delivering desirable levels of customer satisfaction in the tourism industry. The formula for executing this task is particularly fragile in tourism because of the heterogeneous and simultaneous nature of service production and consumption. Tourism experiences are rarely, if ever, delivered without in-depth employee-customer interactions. Thus, tourism experiences are people-intensive on both sides of the service fence. Additionally, tourists tend to have higher expectations for hospitality and overall levels of service quality because their context is typically more emotionally charged. An empowered workforce is a secret to success in these unique area employees who are inspired and enabled to make meaningful and suitable decisions close to customers in order to take care of important customer needs Internationalization is described as the expanding of activities and resources among the other countries of the world, beyond domestic level. However, in the internationalization the firm should be more effective and efficient enough to cater the customers in the world over domestic level. Although starts at that level, when a firm becomes a larger, they can generates more profit and thus with their efficiency, they can reached far and wide variety of consumers while making the market more attractive. It leads to broaden the market continuous way in the world (David, and Chon, 2006). Strategies of internationalization in hospitality industry There are several strategies of internationalization to gain more customer satisfaction n with effectively and efficiently. The development of computer technology, communication technology, and new means of transportation all leads to develop the internationalization. Today, internationalization has turn into one of the major concern of firms As barriers to international trade fall down in most of the parts of the world, managers happen to attentive in new trends in an fluctuating global environment (Macleod, 2004). For example, the Euro currency is ahead a chief position within the European market and it forced to the Eastern European markets to develop rapidly to face this competition, it effects to the Asian markets too. They are opening to the world. International firms change their strategies from one geographical region to another, to sustain in the competitive business environment. Eg: One of express delivery service in the world, Federal Express (FedEx) dominates the market in the American Region, but in the other markets like European Region, FedEx was not successful. That market dominated by DHL. Hotel franchising agreements is a legal document in which a franchiser offers an approved opportunity to a franchisee to carry out their business. This is permission to franchisee use brand name, reservation systems, products, operating systems. Franchising strategy is used by Hilton International as a part of its international strategy decision (Shepherd, and Cooper, 1997). Management contracts means in which management is separated from their ownership, where a company can contract its overseas operation of management to a management team in revisit for a payment For an example: Sodehxo is one of the companies which use management contract in the industry. Strategic alliances means in which a bond or a partnership or a connection forms between two or more companies that can support from larger market exposure, economies of scope or range enlarged visibility for the brand name . The best example is the strategic alliance between Nortel and Microsoft Company. Joint venture means in which the international firm provides a partial equity venture to home businesses to protect their promise to the agreement. Accor is actively involved in joint ventures in different Asian markets such as Malaysia and Vietnam Call Center Service Recovery means Telephone based customer service is the largest customer services channel in both North America, and Europe (The Editors 2007). Call centers customer service volume is higher than electronic mail support service. Despite this lack of acknowledgement from call centers, there is a gap between the service provided and customer expectations. The Green strategy means industry perceptions and perspectives as a new market -driven business focus for gaining competitive advantages. All businesses no matter how benign or smart their operations are create some level of environmental harm. These impacts can be minimized or controlled by a adopting a well-articulated firm-level green strategy. This require to green should not just be to address companywide environmental challenge but also a proactive strategy to stay on the right side of the regulation and for profitability (Kotler, Bowen, and Makens, 2003). Issues and impacts of internationalization on hospitality industry Issues and impacts bring together the latest developments in international hospitality operations with the current management principles. It provides a truly international viewpoint on the hospitality and tourism industries and provides a fresh insight into hospitality and tourism management. Internationalization is a major trend for todays organizations. The services sector is also unquestionably becoming increasingly international in scope. A rapid Internationalization of world economy during the 1990s has increased the opportunities to export services and services are now the fastest growing part of international trade. Speed up by their aspiration for growth and profit, host governments provide incentives, and invest throughout the world. Hospitality organizations have revealed that their survival and growth in the future depend on extending of their services around the world (Hearns, Baum, and Devine, 2009). The global hospitality industry is therefore one of major part of international business. Those companies therefore have to look up the inferences of the global framework in which they operate and always need to prepare for the changes of this highly fluctuating environment. The Internationalization of industry and its way is characterized by communicating over vast distances in foreign languages, normally travel to overseas countries, trading in many currencies, and coping with social systems, series of political and, cultures and customs. And regulatory environments, the aspects of Internationalization of are very easy to identify, considerate the basic current and future trends and market can be analysis and reveals a number of issues are reshaping the Internationalization hospitality industry, though there are very clearly some multifaceted questions that are still to be resolved (Mason, 2008). International spreading out with general product and brand position; Organizational structures that tolerate delivery of services with local operational control; Cross-border employee training to support operations; and Use of the world capital markets as sources of funding. The Positive Impacts of Internationalization on the hospitality industry; Exposure to different cultures: Due to the internationalization of the managers of hospitality industry, they would be able to gain knowledge of different cultures, as they get to fuse with people from different walks of life and thus, enhance their awareness. Larger Market: Due to internationalization, the customer base has enlarged significantly. Not only for holydays, people travel all over the world for various purposes like business, Pilgrims, Education, health, etc. Thus, this has widened the market of hospitality industry, which gets their major income from these international visitors. Boosts the economy: As visitors come in and spend money it effects to the foreign exchange of the country and it gets increase. Thus it gives huge boost to the economy as internationalization leads to pump money into the country. Technology Development: Since firm needs to attract more tourists as possible, hospitality organizations always need to improve and develop their products and services. Example: Fly Kingfisher, use innovative and newer technologies in hotels to satisfy their customer needs. Allow to creativity: Firms are continuously thinking of new and innovative ideas to draw more customers. More Jobs: Due to internationalization, more visitors come into the country and thus more people will be required to serve their needs. Therefore, with the internationalization, there are lots of more jobs opportunities for people within the areas which hospitality industries are located. Variety of International Services: Since there are lot of diverse visitors from various cultures, cuisines, traditions, and languages, hospitality industry should include cuisines and various other services to cater them. These services also will be available to the locals, which makes more satisfied local customers. Boosts the Travel Industry: Due to internationalization more people travel around the countries. To facilitate this, the tours and travels industry require to develop as well. People who come into the country by air, ship or land, will use the transport services obtainable as well. The negative impacts of internationalization on the hospitality industry; Language Barriers: Due to internationalization, the hospitality Industry can make use of people from different type of countries as they are usually cheaper. They may have troubles in communicating with customers. Events/Disasters in the Countries: A disaster or incident taking place in one country may affect to the other country also. For example, the financial crisis makes people to spend less money. It drops down the travelling, Hotel bookings, etc. Due to increase in terrorism activities some visitors are not willing to travel to those places. Cultural Barriers: As there are people from a mixture of cultures, one needs to be watchful not to insult them. For Example, a Muslim not eats pork. Service provider have to make sure not serve food with pork. Whats acceptable by one culture may be reject by another. Seasonal Employment: During climax periods, a lot of jobs are available in some industries, but as soon as the customers return to their countries, the jobs get vanished as well. Example: Goa of India; the people in Goa get their revenue only during the climax season, (Dec- Feb and April July) In other seasons, they have no jobs and no earnings. Growth of the Communication Technology: Due to international barriers, there is a constant growth in the use of communication technology (Internet, Email, etc). This reduces the human involvement. Developing Countries: As technology continuously gets developing, some Countries are unable to keep up with these developments in the technology and they tend to lose out. Example: Though the some African countries have lot of natural resources for the attraction of tourists, they do not have proper infrastructure to cater that large amount of tourists. To maintain that large amount of visitors, they should have to improve infrastructure. Increase in Crimes: When tourist arrival increases, crimes increase too. Example: smuggling, hustling, rape, etc Bad Habits: Tourists come from other countries sometimes may influence to the local youth in a bad manner. Increase of drug consumption and promiscuous behavior, etc (Source: Market of sustainable tourism, [online], Available from: http://towards2015.co.uk [Accessed 12th April 2011]) Integration of the hospitality industry To offer a better customer service and keep loyal client come back todays hospitality industry require integration system. Thereby they can maintain their controls and improve their business. To have a smooth running integration system can aid organizations with a sustainable competitive advantage by improving quality of the service while reducing cost. Superior performance and sustainable product with good quality can help a company to reduce the threat of conflicts/problems with their Suppliers, Staff, Local People, and Government and improve its position as an esteemed partner in destination. That mean, better access to major business resources such as funds, the capability to improve prod ­ucts to meet rising market demand, better dealings with governments, and a motivated and faithful staff. Egg: The computer software is a combination of various modules, which cater to the various aspects of hotel management. It including with hotel staff management, hotel reservation and hotel accounting are taken care of by the different modules in a single software unit. Many software companies have gathered more areas of hotel management into their software. All the operations like bookings, billings, reservations, check-ins, checkouts and etc, are available on screen and can do within few clicks of mouse. Therefore, taken as a whole, efficiency of the hotel staff and the management system is increased. Clients can reserve the rooms and other services through the hotel website directly. There is no room for any third party connection in these events (Kneafsey, 1998). However, there are some advantages in this integration as follows; It helps to reduce the cost of transportation as the general ownership outcome in closer geographic regions. The costs for transactions can be managed if a firm gets hold of the other firms in the vertical chain, so the one division of the company can transfer the goods to the other divisions of the same company. Thereby, transaction costs for transport, negotiations; Monitoring, control etc. will be eliminated. The by and large, average cost of the firm will be reduced, because if the divisions are in under the same management, then there will be internal supply and department heads will decide the transfer price (Macleod, 2004). If a firm purchases half finished goods from an outside firm then the work culture could be different and there are opportunities of dispute concerning terms and conditions of supplying or if the outside supplier make a contract and couldnt supply the goods on time then the firm cannot accomplish its assurance to the third party and the good will of a firm will come to an end. Organizational inferences; if the supplies provider supplying the goods to a firm is big, in terms of sales, size and structure, then it will state the terms and conditions. On the other hand if an internal source is used then there will be no market difference and the supplier cannot oblige any adverse conditions (Haywood, and Maki, 1992) We can split the benefits of integration into short-term or static gains and more long-term dynamic gains. The establishment of the Single market within Europe has led to significant gains for the participating member states. The removal of internal market barriers and the harmonization of national regulations are expected to lead to an increase in trade and reductions in cost. Conclusion Hospitality and tourism industry plays a key role in international competitive business environment. On one hand, it goes for lot of fluctuations due to different types of global factors. Although, it has been sustained over long period of time by facing to those factors, the two main parts of Hospitality and Tourism Industry combined with is Internationalization and integration. They lead to the growth, sustainability and profitability of the Hospitality Industry and their impacts will be directly involved to the evolutionary change of this Industry.